Bereishit - Genesis - Chapter 18
RASHI:
ShowHide
SHOW CONTENT IN:
BothEnglishHebrew
1Now the Lord appeared to him in the plains of Mamre, and he was sitting at the entrance of the tent when the day was hot. | ××•Ö·×™ÖµÖ¼×¨Ö¸Ö¤× ×ֵלָיו֙ יְהֹוָ֔ה בְּ×ÖµÖ½×œÖ¹× ÖµÖ–×™ ×žÖ·×žÖ°×¨ÖµÖ‘× ×•Ö°×”Ö›×•Ö¼× ×™×©Öµ×֥ב פֶּֽתַח־הָ×ֹ֖הֶל ×›Ö°Ö¼×—Ö¹Ö¥× ×”Ö·×™Ö¼Ö½×•Ö¹×: | |
And [the Lord] appeared to him: to visit the sick (Tan. Buber, Vayera 1). Said Rabbi Chama the son of Chanina: It was the third day from his circumcision, and the Holy One, blessed be He, came and inquired about his welfare (B. M. 86b). | ×•×™×¨× ×ליו: לבקר ×ת החולה. ×מר רבי ×—×ž× ×‘×¨ ×—× ×™× × ×™×•× ×©×œ×™×©×™ למילתו ×”×™×”, ×•×‘× ×”×§×‘"×” וש×ל בשלומו: | |
in the plains of Mamre: He [Mamre] was the one who counseled him about circumcision. Therefore, He appeared to him [Abraham] in his [Mamre’s] territory. — [from Tan. Vayera 3] | ב××œ×•× ×™ ממר×: ×”×•× ×©× ×ª×Ÿ לו עצה על המילה, לפיכך × ×’×œ×” עליו בחלקו: | |
was sitting: It is written יֹשַ×ב [without a “vav,” and may therefore be read: “he sat”]. He wished to stand. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, “Sit and I will stand, and you will be a sign for your children that I am destined to stand in the congregation of the judges, and they will sit,” as it is said (Ps. 82: 1): “God stands in the Divine assembly.” - [from Gen. Rabbah 48:7] | ישב: ישב כתיב, בקש לעמוד, ×מר לו הקב"×” שב ו×× ×™ ×עמוד, ו×תה סימן ×œ×‘× ×™×š, שעתיד ×× ×™ להתיצב בעדת ×”×“×™×™× ×™×Ÿ והן יושבין, ×©× ×מר (×ª×”×œ×™× ×¤×‘ ×) ×-×œ×”×™× × ×¦×‘ בעדת ×ל: | |
at the entrance of the tent: to see whether there were any passersby whom he would bring into his house. — [from B. M. 86b] | פתח ×”×הל: לר×ות ×× ×™×© עובר ושב ×•×™×›× ×™×¡× ×‘×‘×™×ª×•: | |
when the day was hot: (B.M. 86b) The Holy One, blessed be He, took the sun out of its sheath so as not to trouble him with wayfarers, but since He saw that he was troubled that no wayfarers were coming, He brought the angels to him in the likeness of men. — [from Gen. Rabbah 48:9, Exod. Rabbah 25:2] | ×›×—×•× ×”×™×•×: ×”×•×¦×™× ×”×§×‘"×” חמה ×ž× ×¨×ª×™×§×” ×©×œ× ×œ×”×˜×¨×™×—×• ב×ורחי×, ולפי שר×הו מצטער ×©×œ× ×”×™×• ××•×¨×—×™× ×‘××™×, ×”×‘×™× ×”×ž×œ××›×™× ×¢×œ×™×• בדמות ×× ×©×™×: | |
2And he lifted his eyes and saw, and behold, three men were standing beside him, and he saw and he ran toward them from the entrance of the tent, and he prostrated himself to the ground. | ×‘×•Ö·×™Ö´Ö¼×©Ö¸Ö¼×‚Ö¤× ×¢Öµ×™× Ö¸×™×•Ö™ ×•Ö·×™Ö·Ö¼Ö”×¨Ö°× ×•Ö°×”Ö´× ÖµÖ¼×”Ö™ שְ×לשָ×Ö£×” ×Ö²× Ö¸×©Ö´×Ö”×™× × Ö´×¦Ö¸Ö¼×‘Ö´Ö–×™× ×¢Ö¸×œÖ¸Ö‘×™×• ×•Ö·×™Ö·Ö¼Ö—×¨Ö°× ×•Ö·×™Ö¸Ö¼Ö¤×¨Ö¸×¥ לִקְרָ×תָ×Ö™ מִפֶּ֣תַח ×”Ö¸×ֹ֔הֶל וַיִּשְ×תַּ֖חוּ ×ָֽרְצָה: | |
and behold, three men: One to bring the news [of Isaac’s birth] to Sarah, and one to overturn Sodom, and one to heal Abraham, for one angel does not perform two errands (Gen. Rabbah 50:2). You should know that [this is true] because throughout the entire chapter, Scripture mentions them in the plural, e.g., (below verse 8): “and they ate” ; (ibid. verse 9): “and they said to him.” Concerning the announcement, however, it says (ibid. verse 10): “And he said: I will surely return to you.” And concerning the overturning of Sodom, it says (below 19:22): “For I will not be able to do anything”; (ibid. verse 21): “I will not overturn” (Gen. Rabbah 50:11). And Raphael, who healed Abraham, went from there to save Lot. This is what is stated: “And it came to pass when they took them outside, that he [the angel] said, ‘Flee for your life.’” You learn that only one acted as a deliverer. | ×•×”× ×” שלשה ×× ×©×™×: ×חד לבשר ×ת שרה ו×חד להפוך ×ת ×¡×“×•× ×•×חד לרפ×ות ×ת ×ברה×, ש×ין מל×ך ×חד עושה שתי שליחיות. תדע לך שכן כל הפרשה ×”×•× ×ž×–×›×™×¨×Ÿ בלשון ×¨×‘×™× (פסוק ×—) וי×כלו, (פסוק ט) וי×מרו ×ליו, ובבשורה × ×מר (×©× ×™) וי×מר שוב ×שוב ×ליך, ובהפיכת ×¡×“×•× ×”×•× ×ומר (יט כב) ×›×™ ×œ× ×וכל לעשות דבר, (×©× ×›×), לבלתי הפכי. ורפ×ל ×©×¨×¤× ×ת ××‘×¨×”× ×”×œ×š ×ž×©× ×œ×”×¦×™×œ ×ת לוט, ×”×•× ×©× ×מר (×©× ×™×–) ויהי כהוצי×× ××•×ª× ×”×—×•×¦×” וי×מר המלט על × ×¤×©×š, למדת שה×חד ×”×™×” מציל: | |
were standing beside him: Heb. עָלָיו, lit. over him. Before him, like (Num. 2:20): “And next to him (וְעָלָיו), the tribe of Manasseh,” but it is a euphemism in reference to the angels. | × ×¦×‘×™× ×¢×œ×™×•: ×œ×¤× ×™×•, כמו (במדבר ב ×›) ועליו מטה ×ž× ×©×”. ×בל לשון × ×§×™×” ×”×•× ×›×œ×¤×™ המל××›×™×: | |
and he saw: Why is ×•Ö·×™Ö·×¨Ö°× written twice [in this verse?] The first is to be understood according to its apparent meaning [i.e., and he saw], and the second means “understanding.” He observed that they were standing in one place, and he understood that they did not wish to burden him. And although they knew that he would come out toward them, they stood in their place out of respect for him, to show him that they did not wish to trouble him, and he went out first and ran toward them. (This is the reading in an old Rashi ms.) In Bava Metzia (ad loc.) it is written: “standing beside him,” and then it is written: “and he ran toward them!” When they saw that he was untying and tying [his bandages], they separated from him. Immediately, “he ran toward them.” | ויר×: מהו ×•×™×¨× ×•×™×¨× ×©× ×™ פעמי×, הר×שון כמשמעו ×•×”×©× ×™ לשון ×”×‘× ×”, × ×¡×ª×›×œ שהיו × ×¦×‘×™× ×‘×ž×§×•× ×חד והבין ×©×œ× ×”×™×• ×¨×•×¦×™× ×œ×”×˜×¨×™×—×• ו××£ על פי ×©×™×•×“×¢×™× ×”×™×• ×©×™×¦× ×œ×§×¨×ת×, עמדו ×‘×ž×§×•×ž× ×œ×›×‘×•×“×• ולהר×ותו ×©×œ× ×¨×¦×• להטריחו, ×•×§×“× ×”×•× ×•×¨×¥ לקר×ת×. ×‘×‘×‘× ×ž×¦×™×¢× (פו ב) כתיב × ×¦×‘×™× ×¢×œ×™×•, וכתיב וירץ לקר×ת×, כד חזיוה דהוה שרי ו×סר פירשו ×”×™×ž× ×•, מיד וירץ לקר×ת×: | |
3And he said, "My lords, if only I have found favor in your eyes, please do not pass on from beside your servant. | גוַיֹּ×מַ֑ר ×Ö²×“Ö¹× Ö¸Ö—×™ ×Ö´×Ö¾× Ö¸Ö¨× ×žÖ¸×¦Ö¸Ö¤×תִי חֵן֙ ×‘Ö°Ö¼×¢Öµ×™× Ö¶Ö”×™×šÖ¸ ×Ö·×œÖ¾× Ö¸Ö¥× ×ªÖ·Ö½×¢Ö²×‘Ö¹Ö–×¨ מֵעַ֥ל עַבְדֶּֽךָ: | |
And he said, “My lords, if only I have, etc.”: To the chief one he said this, and he called them all lords, and to the chief one he said, “Please do not pass by,” because if he would not pass by, his companions would stay with him. According to this version, it (×Ö²×“Ö¹× Ö¸×™) is profane (Shev. 35b) (i.e., it does not refer to God). Another explanation: It (×Ö²×“Ö¹× Ö¸×™) is holy, and he was telling the Holy One, blessed be He, to wait for him until he would run and bring in the wayfarers. And although this [“Do not pass by”] is written after “and ran toward them,” the statement [to God, “do not pass by”] preceded it. It is customary for the verses to speak in this manner, as I explained in reference to (above 6:3) “Let My spirit not quarrel forever concerning man” [the decree that God would wait 120 years before bringing the Flood] which was written after (5:32): “And Noah begot.” But it is impossible to say otherwise than that the decree preceded the birth [of Japheth] by 120 years. And the two interpretations [of ×Ö²×“Ö¹× Ö¸×™ as being profane and holy in this context] are in Genesis Rabbah. | וי×מר ×-×“× ×™ ×× × × ×•×’×•': לגדול ×©×‘×”× ×מר, וקר×× ×›×•×œ× ××“×•× ×™× ×•×œ×’×“×•×œ ×מר ×ל × × ×ª×¢×‘×•×¨, וכיון ×©×œ× ×™×¢×‘×•×¨ הו×, יעמדו חבריו עמו, ובלשון ×–×” ×”×•× ×—×•×œ. דבר ×חר קודש הו×, והיה ×ומר להקב"×” להמתין לו עד שירוץ ×•×™×›× ×™×¡ ×ת ×”×ורחי×. ו××£ על פי שכתוב ×חר (פסוק ב) וירץ לקר×ת×, ×”×מירה ×§×•×“× ×œ×›×Ÿ היתה, ודרך המקר×ות לדבר כן, כמו שפירשתי ×צל (ו ×’) ×œ× ×™×“×•×Ÿ רוחי ב×ד×, ×©× ×›×ª×‘ ×חר (×” לב) ויולד × ×—, ו××™ ×פשר לומר ××œ× ×× ×›×Ÿ ×§×•×“× ×’×–×™×¨×ª מ××” ×¢×©×¨×™× ×©× ×”, ושתי ×”×œ×©×•× ×•×ª בבר×שית רבה (מח ×™): | |
4Please let a little water be taken, and bathe your feet, and recline under the tree. | ×“×™Ö»×§Ö·Ö¼×—Ö¾× Ö¸Ö£× ×žÖ°×¢Ö·×˜Ö¾×žÖ·Ö”×™Ö´× ×•Ö°×¨Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×¦Ö–×•Ö¼ ×¨Ö·×’Ö°×œÖµ×™×›Ö¶Ö‘× ×•Ö°×”Ö´×©Ö¸Ö¼Ö½××¢Ö²× Ö–×•Ö¼ תַּ֥חַת הָעֵֽץ: | |
Please let…be taken: through a messenger, and the Holy One, blessed be He, rewarded his [Abraham’s] children through a messenger, as it is said (Num. 20:11): “And Moses raised his hand, and he struck the rock.” - [from B.M. 86b] | יקח × ×: על ידי שליח, והקב"×” ×©×œ× ×œ×‘× ×™×• על ידי שליח ×©× ×מר (במדבר ×› ×™×) ×•×™×¨× ×ž×©×” ×ת ידו ויך ×ת הסלע: | |
and bathe your feet: He thought that they were Arabs, who prostrate themselves to the dust of their feet, and he was strict not to allow any idolatry into his house. But Lot, who was not strict, mentioned lodging before washing, as it is said (below 19:2): “and lodge and bathe your feet.” - [from Gen. Rabbah 54:4] | ורחצו רגליכ×: כסבור ×©×”× ×¢×¨×‘×™×™× ×©×ž×©×ª×—×•×™× ×œ×בק ×¨×’×œ×™×”× ×•×”×§×¤×™×“ ×©×œ× ×œ×”×›× ×™×¡ עבודה זרה לביתו. ×בל לוט ×©×œ× ×”×§×¤×™×“, ×”×§×“×™× ×œ×™× ×” לרחיצה, ×©× ×מר (יט ב) ×•×œ×™× ×• ורחצו רגליכ×: | |
under the tree: under the tree. [Heb. ×¢Öµ×¥ can mean either “tree” or detached “wood”; the Targum clarifies this ambiguity by translating as Aram. ×ִילָן, meaning specifically “tree.”] — [from Targumim] | תחת ×”×¢×¥: תחת ×”×ילן: | |
5And I will take a morsel of bread, and sustain your hearts; after[wards] you shall pass on, because you have passed by your servant." And they said, "So shall you do, as you have spoken." | הוְ×ֶקְחָ֨ה ×¤Ö·×ªÖ¾×œÖ¶Öœ×—Ö¶× ×•Ö°×¡Ö·Ö½×¢Ö²×“Ö¤×•Ö¼ לִבְּכֶ×Ö™ ×ַחַ֣ר תַּֽעֲבֹ֔רוּ כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן ×¢Ö²×‘Ö·×¨Ö°×ªÖ¶Ö¼Ö–× ×¢Ö·×œÖ¾×¢Ö·×‘Ö°×“Ö°Ö¼×›Ö¶Ö‘× ×•Ö·×™Ö¹Ö¼Ö£×מְר֔וּ כֵּ֥ן תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֖ה ×›Ö·Ö¼Ö½×ֲשֶ×֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ: | |
and sustain your hearts: In the Torah, in the Prophets, and in the Hagiographa, we find that bread is the sustenance of the heart. In the Torah — “and sustain your hearts” ; in the Prophets — (Jud. 19:5) “Sustain your heart with a morsel of bread”; in the Hagiographa — (Ps. 104:15) “and bread sustains man’s heart.” Said Rabbi Chama: ×œÖ°×‘Ö·×‘Ö°×›Ö¶× is not written here, but לִבָּכֶ×. This teaches us that the evil inclination does not rule over the angels. — [from Gen. Rabbah 48:11] | וסעדו לבכ×: בתורה ×‘× ×‘×™××™× ×•×‘×›×ª×•×‘×™× ×ž×¦×™× ×• ×“×¤×ª× ×¡×¢×“×ª× ×“×œ×‘×. בתורה סעדו לבכ×. ×‘× ×‘×™××™× (×©×•×¤×˜×™× ×™×˜ ×”) סעד לבך פת לח×. ×‘×›×ª×•×‘×™× (×ª×”×œ×™× ×§×“ טו) ×•×œ×—× ×œ×‘×‘ ×× ×•×© יסעד. ×מר רבי ×—×ž× ×œ×‘×‘×›× ×ין כתיב ×›×ן ××œ× ×œ×‘×›×, מגיד ש×ין יצר הרע שולט במל××›×™×: | |
after[wards] you shall pass on: Afterwards, you shall go. | ×חר תעבורו: ×חר כן תלכו: | |
because you have passed by: For I request this from you [i.e., to sustain your hearts] because you have passed by me [i.e., have stopped in my home] to honor me. | ×›×™ על כן עברת×: ×›×™ הדבר ×”×–×” ×× ×™ מבקש ×ž×›× ×ž×חר ×©×¢×‘×¨×ª× ×¢×œ×™ לכבודי: | |
because: ×›Ö´Ö¼×™ עַל כֵּן is like עַל ×ֲשֶ×ר, because, and so is every ×›Ö´Ö¼×™ עַל כֵּן in Scripture, e.g., (below 19:8): “because (×›Ö´Ö¼×™ עַל כֵּן) they have come in the shadow of my roof”; (below 33:10): “because (×›Ö´Ö¼×™ עַל כֵּן) I have seen your countenance”; (below 38:26): “because (×›Ö´Ö¼×™ עַל כֵּן) I have not given her”; (Num. 10:31): “because (×›Ö´Ö¼×™ עַל כֵּן) you know our encamping.” | ×›×™ על כן: כמו על ×שר, וכן כל ×›×™ על כן ×©×‘×ž×§×¨× (לקמן יט ×—) ×›×™ על כן ב×ו בצל קורתי, (לקמן לג ×™) ×›×™ על כן ר×יתי ×¤× ×™×š, (×©× ×œ×— כו) ×›×™ על כן ×œ× × ×ª×ª×™×”, (במדבר ×™ ל×) ×›×™ על כן ידעת ×—× ×•×ª× ×•: | |
6And Abraham hastened to the tent to Sarah, and he said, "Hasten three seah of meal [and] fine flour; knead and make cakes." | ווַיְמַהֵ֧ר ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö›× ×”Ö¸×ֹ֖הֱלָה ×ֶל־שָׂרָ֑ה וַיֹּ֗×מֶר מַֽהֲרִ֞י שְ××œÖ¤×©× ×¡Ö°×Ö´×™×Ö™ קֶ֣מַח סֹ֔לֶת ל֖וּשִ××™ וַֽעֲשִׂ֥י עֻגֽוֹת: | |
meal [and] fine flour: The fine flour for the cakes [and] the meal for the starch used by cooks to cover the pot, to draw out the scum. — [from B.M. 86b] | קמח סלת: סלת לעוגות, קמח לעמלן של טבחי×, לכסות ×ת הקדרה, ולש×וב ×ת הזוהמ×: | |
7And to the cattle did Abraham run, and he took a calf, tender and good, and he gave it to the youth, and he hastened to prepare it. | זוְ×ֶל־הַבָּקָ֖ר רָ֣ץ ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö‘× ×•Ö·×™Ö´Ö¼×§Ö·Ö¼Ö¨×— בֶּן־בָּקָ֜ר רַ֤ךְ וָטוֹב֙ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן ×Ö¶×œÖ¾×”Ö·× Ö·Ö¼Ö”×¢Ö·×¨ וַיְמַהֵ֖ר לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת ×ֹתֽוֹ: | |
a calf, tender and good: There were three calves, in order to feed them three tongues with mustard. — [from B.M. 86b] | בן בקר רך וטוב: שלשה ×¤×¨×™× ×”×™×• כדי לה×כילן שלש ×œ×©×•× ×•×ª בחרדל: | |
to the youth: This was Ishmael, to train him to perform mitzvoth. — [from Aboth d’Rabbi Nathan, ch. 13] | ×ל ×”× ×¢×¨: ×–×” ישמע×ל ×œ×—× ×›×• במצות: | |
8And he took cream and milk and the calf that he had prepared, and he placed [them] before them, and he was standing over them under the tree, and they ate. | חוַיִּקַּ֨ח חֶמְ×ָ֜ה וְחָלָ֗ב וּבֶן־הַבָּקָר֙ ×ֲשֶ×֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֖ן ×œÖ´×¤Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö‘× ×•Ö°×”Ö½×•Ö¼×־עֹמֵ֧ד ×¢Ö²×œÖµ×™×”Ö¶Ö›× ×ªÖ·Ö¼Ö¥×—Ö·×ª הָעֵ֖ץ וַיֹּ×כֵֽלוּ: | |
And he took cream and milk, etc.: But he did not bring bread, because Sarah became menstruous, for the manner of the women returned to her on that day, and the dough became ritually unclean. — [from B.M. 87a] | ויקח חמ××” וגו': ×•×œ×—× ×œ× ×”×‘×™× ×œ×¤×™ שפירסה שרה × ×“×”, שחזר לה ×ורח ×›× ×©×™× ×ותו היו×, ×•× ×˜×ž×ת העיסה: | |
cream: the fat of the milk that is skimmed off the top. | חמ××”: שומן החלב שקולטין מעל ×¤× ×™×•: | |
and the calf that he had prepared: that he had prepared. Each one that he prepared, he took and brought before them. — [from B.M. 86b] | ובן הבקר ×שר עשה: ×שר תקן, ×§×ž× ×§×ž× ×©×ª×§×Ÿ, ×מטי ו×ייתי קמייהו: | |
and they ate: They appeared to be eating. From here we learn that a person should not deviate from custom. — [from B.M. ad loc., Gen. Rabbah 48:14, Targum Jonathan] | וי×כלו: × ×¨×ו כמו ש×כלו, מכ×ן ×©×œ× ×™×©× ×” ××“× ×ž×Ÿ ×”×ž× ×”×’: | |
9And they said to him, "Where is Sarah your wife?" And he said, "Behold in the tent." | טוַיֹּֽ×מְר֣וּ ×ֵלָ֔יו ×Ö·×™ÖµÖ¼Ö–×” שָׂרָ֣ה ×ִשְ×תֶּ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֖×מֶר ×”Ö´× ÖµÖ¼Ö¥×” בָ×ֹֽהֶל: | |
And they said to him: Heb. ×ֵלָיו. There are dots over the letters ×יו in the word ×ֵלָיו. And we learned: Rabbi Simeon the son of Eleazar says: “Wherever the [undotted] letters are more than the dotted ones, you must expound on the [undotted] letters, etc.” And here, the dotted letters are more than the [undotted] letters, and you must expound on the dotted [letters]. [The meaning is that] they also asked Sarah,“Where (×ַיוֹ) is Abraham?” (Gen. Rabbah 48:15) We learn that a person should ask in his lodging place of the husband about the wife, and of the wife about the husband (B.M. 87a). In Bava Metzia (ad loc.) it is said: The ministering angels knew where our mother Sarah was, but [they asked in order] to make known that she was modest, in order to endear her to her husband. Said Rabbi Joseph the son of Chanina: In order to send her a cup of blessing (i.e., the cup of wine upon which the Grace after Meals is recited). | וי×מרו ×ליו: × ×§×•×“ על ××™"ו שב×ליו, ×•×ª× ×™× ×¨×‘×™ שמעון בן ×לעזר ×ומר כל ×ž×§×•× ×©×”×›×ª×‘ רבה על ×”× ×§×•×“×” ×תה דורש הכתב וכו', וכ×ן ×”× ×§×•×“×” רבה על הכתב ×תה דורש ×”× ×§×•×“×”, ש××£ לשרה ש×לו ×יו ×ברה×, ×œ×ž×“× ×• שיש×ל ××“× ×‘××›×¡× ×™× ×©×œ×• ל×יש על ×”×שה ול×שה על ×”×יש. ×‘×‘×‘× ×ž×¦×™×¢× (פז ×) ××•×ž×¨×™× ×™×•×“×¢×™× ×”×™×• מל××›×™ השרת שרה ××ž× ×• היכן היתה, ××œ× ×œ×”×•×“×™×¢ ×©×¦× ×•×¢×” היתה כדי לחבבה על בעלה. ×מר רבי יוסי בר ×—× ×™× × ×›×“×™ לשגר לה כוס של ברכה: | |
Behold in the tent: She is modest. — [from B.M. ad loc., Mid. Ps. 128:3] | ×”× ×” ב×הל: ×¦× ×•×¢×” ×”×™×: | |
10And he said, "I will surely return to you at this time next year, and behold, your wife Sarah will have a son." And Sarah heard from the entrance of the tent, and it was behind him. | יוַיֹּ֗×מֶר ש×֣וֹב ×ָש×֤וּב ×ֵלֶ֨יךָ֙ כָּעֵ֣ת ×—Ö·×™Ö¸Ö¼Ö”×” ×•Ö°×”Ö´× ÖµÖ¼×”Ö¾×‘ÖµÖ–×Ÿ לְשָׂרָ֣ה ×ִשְ×תֶּ֑ךָ וְשָׂרָ֥ה שֹ×מַ֛עַת פֶּ֥תַח ×”Ö¸×ֹ֖הֶל ×•Ö°×”Ö¥×•Ö¼× ×ַֽחֲרָֽיו: | |
at this time next year: At this time in the coming year. It was Passover, and on the following Passover, Isaac was born, since we do not read כְּעֵת [at “a” time], but כָּעֵת [at “this” time]. כָּעֵת ×—Ö·×™Ö¸Ö¼×” means: at this time, when there will be life for you, when you will all be alive and well. — [from Targum Yerushalmi, Targum Jonathan] | כעת ×—×™×”: כעת ×”×–×ת ×œ×©× ×” הב××”, ופסח ×”×™×”, ולפסח ×”×‘× × ×•×œ×“ יצחק, ×ž×“×œ× ×§×¨×™× ×Ÿ כעת ××œ× ×›×¢×ª. כעת ×—×™×” כעת ×”×–×ת ×©×ª×”× ×—×™×” ×œ×›× ×©×ª×”×™×• ×›×œ×›× ×©×œ×™×ž×™× ×•×§×™×™×ž×™×: | |
I will surely return: The angel did not announce that he [himself] would return to him, but he was speaking to him as an emissary of the Omnipresent. Similarly (above 16:10): “And the angel said to her: I will greatly multiply [your seed],” but he [the angel] did not have the power to multiply [her children], but he spoke as an emissary of the Omnipresent. Here too, it was as an emissary of the Omnipresent that he said this to him. (Elisha said to the Shunamite woman (II Kings 4:16): “At this season, at this time next year, you will be embracing a son.” And she said, “No my lord, O man of God, do not fail your maidservant. Those angels who announced to Sarah said (below verse 14): ‘At the appointed time, I will return,’” [but Elisha did not promise to return]. Elisha replied, “Those angels, who live and endure forever, said, ‘At the appointed time, I will return.’ But I am flesh and blood, alive today and dead tomorrow. Whether I shall be alive or dead, ‘At this time, etc. [you will embrace a son.’”] (Gen. Rabbah 53:2). | שוב ×שוב: ×œ× ×‘×©×¨×• המל×ך שישוב ×ליו ××œ× ×‘×©×œ×™×—×•×ª×• של ×ž×§×•× ×מר לו, כמו (טז ×™) וי×מר לה מל×ך ×”' הרבה ×רבה, ×•×”×•× ×ין בידו להרבות, ××œ× ×‘×©×œ×™×—×•×ª×• של מקו×, ××£ ×›×ן בשליחותו של ×ž×§×•× ×מר לו כן. ×לישע ×מר ×œ×©×•× ×ž×™×ª (×ž×œ×›×™× ×‘' ד טז) למועד ×”×–×” כעת ×—×™×” ×ת חובקת בן ות×מר ×ל ××“×•× ×™ ×יש ×”×-×œ×”×™× ×ל תכזב בשפחתך, ×ותן המל××›×™× ×©×‘×©×¨×• ×ת שרה ×מרו למועד ×שוב. ×מר לה ×לישע ××•×ª× ×”×ž×œ××›×™× ×©×”× ×—×™×™× ×•×§×™×™×ž×™× ×œ×¢×•×œ× ×מרו למועד ×שוב, ×בל ×× ×™ בשר ×•×“× ×©×”×™×•× ×—×™ ומחר מת, בין ×—×™ ובין מת למועד ×”×–×” וגו': | |
and it was behind him: The entrance was behind the angel. | ×•×”×•× ×חריו: הפתח ×”×™×” ×חר המל×ך: | |
11Now Abraham and Sarah were old, coming on in years; Sarah had ceased to have the way of the women. | ×™×וְ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö¤× ×•Ö°×©Ö¸×‚×¨Ö¸×”Ö™ ×–Ö°×§Öµ× Ö´Ö”×™× ×‘Ö¸Ö¼×Ö´Ö–×™× ×‘Ö·Ö¼×™Ö¸Ö¼×žÖ´Ö‘×™× ×—Ö¸×“Ö·×œÖ™ לִֽהְי֣וֹת לְשָׂרָ֔ה ×ֹ֖רַח ×›Ö·Ö¼× Ö¸Ö¼×©Ö´Ö½××™×: | |
ceased to have: It had ceased from her. — [from Gen Rabbah 48:16] | חדל להיות: פסק ×ž×ž× ×”: | |
the way of the women: the menstrual cycle. | ×רח ×›× ×©×™×: ×ורח × ×“×•×ª: | |
12And Sarah laughed within herself, saying, "After I have become worn out, will I have smooth flesh? And also, my master is old." | יבוַתִּצְחַ֥ק שָׂרָ֖ה בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ לֵ×מֹ֑ר ×ַֽחֲרֵ֤י בְלֹתִי֙ הָֽיְתָה־לִּ֣י ×¢Ö¶×“Ö°× Ö¸Ö”×” וַֽ××“Ö¹× Ö´Ö–×™ זָקֵֽן: | |
within herself: She looked at her insides and said, “Is it possible that these insides will carry a child; that these breasts, which have dried up, will give forth milk?” - [from Tan. Shoftim 18] | בקרבה: מסתכלת במעיה ו×מרה ×פשר ×”×§×¨×‘×™× ×”×œ×œ×• ×˜×¢×•× ×™×Ÿ ולד, ×”×©×“×™× ×”×œ×œ×• שצמקו מושכין חלב, ×ª× ×—×•×ž× (×©×•×¤×˜×™× ×™×—): | |
smooth flesh: Heb. ×¢Ö¶×“Ö°× Ö¸×”, smoothness of flesh, and in the language of the Mishnah (Meg. 13a, Men. 86a): “It causes the hair to fall out and smoothes (מְעַדֵּן) the flesh.” Another explanation: an expression of time (עִדָּן), the time of the menstrual period. — [from Gen. Rabbah 48:17] | ×¢×“× ×”: צחצוח בשר, ולשון ×ž×©× ×” (×ž× ×—×•×ª פו ×) משיר ×ת השער ומעדן ×ת הבשר. דבר ×חר לשון עידן, זמן וסת × ×“×•×ª: | |
13And the Lord said to Abraham, "Why did Sarah laugh, saying, 'Is it really true that I will give birth, although I am old?' | יגוַיֹּ֥×מֶר יְהֹוָ֖ה ×ֶל־×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö‘× ×œÖ¸Ö£×žÖ¸Ö¼×” ×–Ö¶Ö¼×”Ö© צָֽחֲקָ֨ה שָׂרָ֜ה לֵ×מֹ֗ר ×”Ö·×Ö·Ö¥×£ ×Ö»×žÖ°× Ö¸Ö›× ×ֵלֵ֖ד וַֽ×Ö²× Ö´Ö¥×™ ×–Ö¸×§Ö·Ö½× Ö°×ªÖ´Ö¼×™: | |
Is it really true: Is it really true that I will give birth?- | ×”××£ ××ž× ×: ×”×’× ×מת ×לד: | |
although I am old: Scripture altered [her statement] for the sake of peace, for she had said,“and my master is old.” - [from B.M. 87a] | ו×× ×™ ×–×§× ×ª×™: ×©×™× ×” הכתוב ×ž×¤× ×™ השלו×, שהרי ×”×™× ×מרה ו××“×•× ×™ זקן: | |
14Is anything hidden from the Lord? At the appointed time, I will return to you, at this time next year and Sarah will have a son." | ×™×“×”Ö²×™Ö´×¤Ö¸Ö¼×œÖµÖ¥× ×žÖµÖ½×™×”Ö¹×•Ö¸Ö–×” דָּבָ֑ר לַמּוֹעֵ֞ד ×ָש×֥וּב ×ֵלֶ֛יךָ כָּעֵ֥ת ×—Ö·×™Ö¸Ö¼Ö–×” וּלְשָׂרָ֥ה בֵֽן: | |
Is…hidden: Heb. הֲיִפָּלֵ×, as the Targum renders: הַיִתְכַּסֵי. Is anything too hidden and separated and concealed from Me [to prevent Me] from doing My will? | היפל×: כתרגומו היתכסי, וכי ×©×•× ×“×‘×¨ ×ž×•×¤×œ× ×•×ž×•×¤×¨×“ ומכוסה ×ž×ž× ×™ מלעשות ×›×¨×¦×•× ×™: | |
At the appointed time: At that time that was appointed, that I set for you yesterday, [when I said] (17:21): “at this time next year.” | למועד: ל×ותו מועד המיוחד שקבעתי לך ×תמול למועד ×”×–×” ×‘×©× ×” ×”×חרת: | |
15And Sarah denied, saying, "I did not laugh," because she was afraid. And He said, "No, but you laughed." | ×˜×•×•Ö·×ªÖ°Ö¼×›Ö·×—ÖµÖ¨×©× ×©Ö¸×‚×¨Ö¸Ö§×” | לֵ×מֹ֛ר ×œÖ¹Ö¥× ×¦Ö¸×—Ö·Ö–×§Ö°×ªÖ´Ö¼×™ ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö£×™ | יָרֵ֑×ָה וַיֹּ֥×מֶר | ×œÖ¹Ö–× ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö¥×™ צָחָֽקְתְּ: | |
because she was afraid… but you laughed: The first ×›Ö´Ö¼×™ serves as an expression of “because,” for it gives the reason for the matter:“And Sarah denied…because she was afraid,” and the second ×›Ö´Ö¼×™ serves as an expression of “but.” And He said,“It is not as you say, but you did laugh.” For our Sages said: ×›Ö´Ö¼×™ has four different meanings: if, perhaps, but, and because. — [from R.H. 3a] | ×›×™ יר××” וגו' ×›×™ צחקת: הר×שון משמש לשון ×“×”× ×©× ×•×ª×Ÿ ×˜×¢× ×œ×“×‘×¨ ותכחש שרה לפי שיר××”, ×•×”×©× ×™ משמש בלשון ×ל×, וי×מר ×œ× ×›×“×‘×¨×™×š ×”×•× ××œ× ×¦×—×§×ª, ש×מרו ×¨×‘×•×ª×™× ×• ×›×™ משמש ב×רבע ×œ×©×•× ×•×ª ××™, דילמ×, ×ל×, דה×: | |
16And the men arose from there, and they looked upon Sodom, and Abraham went with them to escort them, | טזוַיָּקֻ֤מוּ מִשָּ××Ö™ ×”Ö¸Ö½×Ö²× Ö¸×©Ö´×Ö”×™× ×•Ö·×™Ö·Ö¼×©Ö°×קִ֖פוּ ×¢Ö·×œÖ¾×¤Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ£×™ ×¡Ö°×“Ö¹Ö‘× ×•Ö°×Ö·Ö¨×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö”× ×”Ö¹×œÖµÖ¥×šÖ° ×¢Ö´×žÖ¸Ö¼Ö–× ×œÖ°×©Ö·×לְּחָֽ×: | |
and they looked: Heb. וַיַשְ×קִיפוּ. Whenever the word הַשְ×קָפָה occurs in Scripture, it denotes evil, except (Deut. 26:15) “Look (הַשְ×קִיפָה) from Your holy dwelling,” for the power of gifts to the poor is so great that it converts the Divine attribute of wrath to mercy. — [from Tan. Ki Thissa 14] | וישקיפו על ×¤× ×™ סדו×: כל השקפה ×©×‘×ž×§×¨× ×œ×¨×¢×” חוץ מהשקיפה ממעון קדשך (×“×‘×¨×™× ×›×• טו), שגדול ×›×— ×ž×ª× ×•×ª ×¢× ×™×™× ×©×”×•×¤×š מדת רוגז לרחמי×: | |
to escort them: Heb. לְשַ×לְּחָ×, to escort them. He thought that they were wayfarers. — [from Zohar, vol. 1, 104a] | לשלח×: ללוות×, כסבור ××•×¨×—×™× ×”×: | |
17And the Lord said, "Shall I conceal from Abraham what I am doing? | יזוַֽיהֹוָ֖ה ×ָמָ֑ר הַֽמֲכַסֶּ֤ה ×Ö²× Ö´×™Ö™ מֵֽ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö”× ×ֲשֶ×֖ר ×Ö²× Ö´Ö¥×™ עֹשֶֽׂה: | |
Shall I conceal: Heb. הַמְכַסֶה ? This is a question.[i. e., The “hey” is not the definite article but the interrogative “hey.”] | המכסה ×× ×™: בתמיה: | |
what I am doing: in Sodom? It would be improper for Me to do this thing without his knowledge. I gave him this land, and these five cities are his, as it is said (10:19): “And the border of the Canaanite was from Sidon…, as you come to Sodom and Gomorrah, etc.” I called him Abraham, the father of a multitude of nations. Now, can I destroy the sons without informing the father, who loves Me?- [from Gen. Rabbah 49:2, Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer ch. 25] | ×שר ×× ×™ עושה: בסדו×, ×œ× ×™×¤×” לי לעשות דבר ×–×” ×©×œ× ×ž×“×¢×ª×•, ×× ×™ × ×ª×ª×™ לו ×ת ×”×רץ ×”×–×ת, וחמשה כרכין הללו שלו הן, ×©× ×מר (×™ יט) גבול ×”×›× ×¢× ×™ מצידון וגו' בו××›×” סדומה ועמורה וגו'. קר×תי ×ותו ×ברה×, ×ב המון גוי×, ו×שמיד ×ת ×”×‘× ×™× ×•×œ× ×ודיע ל×ב ×©×”×•× ×והבי: | |
18And Abraham will become a great and powerful nation, and all the nations of the world will be blessed in him. | יחוְ×Ö·Ö¨×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö”× ×”Ö¸×™Ö§×•Ö¹ ×™Ö´Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö›×” לְג֥וֹי גָּד֖וֹל ×•Ö°×¢Ö¸×¦Ö‘×•Ö¼× ×•Ö°× Ö´Ö¨×‘Ö°×¨Ö°×›×•Ö¼Ö¾×‘Ö”×•Ö¹ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י ×”Ö¸×ָֽרֶץ: | |
And Abraham will become: [According to] a Midrash Aggadah (Yoma 38b) (Prov. 10:7):“The mention of a righteous man is for a blessing.” Since He mentioned him, He blessed him. Its simple meaning is, however: Shall I conceal this from him? He is so dear to Me as to become a great nation, and through him will be blessed all the nations of the earth. | ו××‘×¨×”× ×”×™×• ×™×”×™×”: מדרש ×גדה (משלי ×™ ×–) זכר צדיק לברכה, הו×יל והזכירו ברכו. ופשוטו וכי ×ž×ž× ×• ×× ×™ מעלי×, והרי ×”×•× ×—×‘×™×‘ ×œ×¤× ×™ להיות לגוי גדול ולהתברך בו כל גויי ×”×רץ: | |
19For I have known him because he commands his sons and his household after him, that they should keep the way of the Lord to perform righteousness and justice, in order that the Lord bring upon Abraham that which He spoke concerning him." | יטכִּ֣י יְדַעְתִּ֗יו לְמַ֩עַן֩ ×ֲשֶ×֨ר יְצַוֶּ֜ה ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾×‘Ö¸Ö¼× Ö¸Ö¤×™×• וְ×ֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ ×ַֽחֲרָ֔יו וְשָֽ×מְרוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהֹוָ֔ה לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת צְדָקָ֖ה וּמִשְ×פָּ֑ט לְמַ֗עַן ×”Ö¸×‘Ö´Ö¤×™× ×™Ö°×”Ö¹×•Ö¸×”Ö™ עַל־×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö”× ×ֵ֥ת ×ֲשֶ×ר־דִּבֶּ֖ר עָלָֽיו: | |
For I have known him: Heb. יְדַעְתִּיו, an expression of love, like (Ruth 2:1)“a kinsman (מוֹדַע) of her husband”; (ibid. 3:2) “And now, Boaz our kinsman (×žÖ¹×“Ö·×¢Ö°×ªÖ¸Ö¼× ×•Ö¼)”; (Exod. 33:17): “and I shall know you (וָ×ֵדָעֲךָ) by name.” But, in fact, the primary meaning of them all is none other than an expression of knowing, for if one loves a person, he draws him near to himself and knows him and is familiar with him. Now why do I love him? “Because he commands” … for he commands his sons concerning Me, to keep My ways. But if you explain it as the Targum renders: “I know about him that he will command his sons, etc.,” the word לְמַעַן does not fit into the sense [of the verse]. | ×›×™ ידעתיו: לשון חיבה, כמו (רות ב ×) מודע ל×ישה, (×©× ×’ ב) ×”×œ× ×‘×•×¢×– ×ž×•×“×¢×ª× ×•, (שמות לג ×™×–) ו×דעך בש×, ו××ž× × ×¢×™×§×¨ לשון ×›×•×œ× ××™× ×• ××œ× ×œ×©×•×Ÿ ידיעה, שהמחבב ×ת ×”××“× ×ž×§×¨×‘×• ×צלו ויודעו ומכירו. ולמה ידעתיו, למען ×שר יצוה לפי ×©×”×•× ×ž×¦×•×” ×ת ×‘× ×™×• עלי לשמור דרכי. ו×× ×ª×¤×¨×©×”×• כתרגומו יודע ×× ×™ בו שיצוה ×ת ×‘× ×™×• וגו', ×ין למען × ×•×¤×œ על הלשון: | |
because he commands: Heb. יְצַוֶּה, a present tense (i.e., a habitual action), like (Job 1:5) “So would Job do (יַעֲשֶׂה)”; [(Num. 9:20) “in accordance to the utterance of the Lord they would camp” (×™Ö·×—Ö²× ×•Ö¼)]. | יצוה: לשון הווה, כמו (×יוב × ×”) ×›×›×” יעשה ×יוב: | |
in order that [the Lord] bring: So would he command his sons, “Keep the way of the Lord in order that the Lord bring upon Abraham, etc.” It does not say “upon the house of Abraham” but “upon Abraham.” We learn from this that whoever raises a righteous son is considered as though he does not die. — [from Gen. Rabbah 49:4] | למען הבי×: כך ×”×•× ×ž×¦×•×” ×œ×‘× ×™×• שמרו דרך ×”' כדי ×©×™×‘×™× ×”' על ××‘×¨×”× ×•×’×•'. על בית ××‘×¨×”× ×œ× × ×מר, ××œ× ×¢×œ ×ברה×, ×œ×ž×“× ×• כל המעמיד בן צדיק ×›×לו ××™× ×• מת: | |
20And the Lord said, "Since the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah has become great, and since their sin has become very grave, | כוַיֹּ֣×מֶר יְהֹוָ֔ה זַֽעֲקַ֛ת ×¡Ö°×“Ö¹Ö¥× ×•Ö·Ö½×¢Ö²×žÖ¹×¨Ö¸Ö–×” כִּי־רָ֑בָּה וְחַ֨טָּ××ªÖ¸Ö”× ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö¥×™ כָֽבְדָ֖ה מְ×ֹֽד: | |
And the Lord said: to Abraham, for He did as He had said, that He would not conceal from him. | וי×מר ×”': ×ל ×ברה×, שעשה ×›×שר ×מר ×©×œ× ×™×›×¡×” ×ž×ž× ×•: | |
since [it] has become great: Wherever רָבָּה appears in Scripture, the accent is on the last syllable, on the “beth,” because they are translated: “great” , or “becoming great.” But this one has its accent on the first syllable, on the “resh,” because it is to be translated: “has already become great,” as I have explained regarding (above 15:17):“Now it came to pass that the sun had set (בָּ×ָה)” ; (Ruth 1:15):“Lo, your sister-in-law has returned (שָ×בָה) .” | ×›×™ רבה: כל רבה ×©×‘×ž×§×¨× ×”×˜×¢× ×œ×ž×˜×” בבי"ת, לפי שהן מתורגמין גדולה, ×ו גדלה והולכת, ×בל ×–×” טעמו למעלה ברי"ש, לפי ×©×ž×ª×•×¨×’× ×’×“×œ×” כבר, כמו שפירשתי לעיל (טו ×™×–) ויהי השמש ב××”, (רות × ×˜×•) ×”× ×” שבה יבמתך: | |
21I will descend now and see, whether according to her cry, which has come to Me, they have done; [I will wreak] destruction [upon them]; and if not, I will know." | ×›××ÖµÖ½×¨Ö²×“Ö¸×”Ö¾× Ö¸Ö¼Ö£× ×•Ö°×ֶרְ×Ö¶Ö”×” הַכְּצַֽעֲקָתָ֛הּ הַבָּ֥×ָה ×ֵלַ֖י עָשׂ֣וּ | כָּלָ֑ה וְ×Ö´×Ö¾×œÖ¹Ö–× ×ֵדָֽעָה: | |
I will descend now: This teaches judges that they should not decide capital punishment cases unless they see it [i.e., they must go to the site of the crime and investigate the matter.]- [Divrei David] Everything is as I explained in the chapter dealing with the dispersion (Tan. Noah 18). Another explanation: I will descend to the end of their deeds (to fathom the results thereof). - [Be’er Mayim Chayim]). | ×רדה × × ×•×ר××”: למד ×œ×“×™×™× ×™× ×©×œ× ×™×¤×¡×§×• ×“×™× ×™ × ×¤×©×•×ª ××œ× ×‘×¨××™×”, הכל כמו שפירשתי בפרשת הפלגה (לעיל ×™× ×–). דבר ×חר ×רדה × × ×œ×¡×•×£ מעשיה×: | |
whether according to her cry: [i.e., the cry] of the land. | הכצעקתה: של ×ž×“×™× ×”: | |
which has come to Me, they have done: And [if] they remain in their state of rebellion, I will wreak destruction upon them, but if they do not remain in their state of rebellion, I will know what I will do, to punish them with suffering, but I will not destroy them. Similar to this we find elsewhere (Exod. 33:5): “But now, leave off your ornament from yourself, so that I may know what to do to you.” Therefore, there is a pause marked by the cantillation sign of a פְּסִיק between עָשׂוּ and כָּלָה, in order to separate one word from another. Our Sages, however, interpreted הַכְּצַעֲקָתָה to refer to the cry of a certain girl, whom they killed with an unusual death because she gave food to a poor man, as is delineated in [chapter] Chelek (Sanh. 109b). | הב××” ×לי עשו: ו×× ×¢×•×ž×“×™× ×‘×ž×¨×“× ×›×œ×” ×× ×™ עושה בה×. ו×× ×œ× ×™×¢×ž×“×• במרדן, ×דעה מה ×עשה להפרע מהן ביסורין ×•×œ× ×כלה ×ותן. ×•×›×™×•×¦× ×‘×• ×ž×¦×™× ×• ×‘×ž×§×•× ×חר (שמות לג ×”) ועתה הורד עדיך מעליך ו×דעה מה ×עשה לך, ולפיכך יש הפסק × ×§×•×“×ª פסיק בין עשו לכלה, כדי להפריד תיבה מחברתה. ×•×¨×‘×•×ª×™× ×• דרשו הכצעקתה, צעקת ריבה ×חת שהרגוה מיתה ×ž×©×•× ×” על ×©× ×ª× ×” מזון ×œ×¢× ×™, כמפורש בחלק (×¡× ×”×“×¨×™×Ÿ קט ב): | |
22And the men turned from there and went to Sodom, and Abraham was still standing before the Lord. | ×›×‘×•Ö·×™Ö´Ö¼×¤Ö°× Ö¤×•Ö¼ מִשָּ××Ö™ ×”Ö¸Ö½×Ö²× Ö¸×©Ö´×Ö”×™× ×•Ö·×™ÖµÖ¼Ö½×œÖ°×›Ö–×•Ö¼ סְדֹ֑מָה וְ×Ö·Ö¨×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö”× ×¢×•Ö¹×“Ö¶Ö¥× Ö¼×•Ö¼ עֹמֵ֖ד ×œÖ´×¤Ö°× ÖµÖ¥×™ יְהֹוָֽה: | |
And [the men] turned from there: from the place to which Abraham had escorted them. | ×•×™×¤× ×• מש×: ×ž×ž×§×•× ×©××‘×¨×”× ×œ×™×•×•× ×©×: | |
and Abraham was still standing, etc.: But is it not so that he did not go to stand before Him, but the Holy One, blessed be He, came to him and said to him (above verse 20): “Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah has become great, etc.,” and it should have been written here: “and the Lord was still standing beside Abraham?” But this is a scribal emendation (Gen. Rabbah 49:7). | ו××‘×¨×”× ×¢×•×“× ×• עומד ×œ×¤× ×™ ×”': ×•×”×œ× ×œ× ×”×œ×š לעמוד ×œ×¤× ×™×• ××œ× ×”×§×‘"×” ×‘× ×צלו ו×מר לו (פסוק ×›) זעקת ×¡×“×•× ×•×¢×ž×•×¨×” ×›×™ רבה, והיה לו לכתוב וה' ×¢×•×“× ×• עומד ×œ×¤× ×™ ×ברה×, ××œ× ×ª×™×§×•×Ÿ ×¡×•×¤×¨×™× ×”×•× ×–×” (×שר הפכוהו ×–"ל לכתוב כן): | |
23And Abraham approached and said, "Will You even destroy the righteous with the wicked? | ×›×’×•Ö·×™Ö´Ö¼×’Ö·Ö¼Ö¥×©× ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö–× ×•Ö·×™Ö¹Ö¼×מַ֑ר ×”Ö·×Ö·Ö£×£ תִּסְפֶּ֔ה צַדִּ֖יק ×¢Ö´×־רָשָֽ××¢: | |
And Abraham approached and said: We find [the expression]“ approaching” for war (II Sam. 10:13): “And Joab drew forward, etc.” ; and “approaching” for placating (below 44:8): “And Judah approached him” ; and “approaching” for prayer (I Kings 18:36):“And Elijah the prophet came near.” For all these, Abraham approached: to speak harshly [i.e., when he requested justice], to placate, and to pray. — [from Gen. Rabbah 49:8] | ויגש ×ברה×: ×ž×¦×™× ×• הגשה למלחמה (ש"ב ×™ ×™×’) ויגש יו×ב וגו', הגשה לפיוס (להלן מד ×™×—) ויגש ×ליו יהודה, והגשה לתפלה (×ž×œ×›×™× ×' ×™×— לו) ויגש ×ליהו ×”× ×‘×™×, ולכל ×לה × ×›× ×¡ ×ברה×, לדבר קשות, ולפיוס ולתפלה: | |
Will You even destroy: Heb. ×”Ö·×Ö·×£. Will You also destroy? And according to the translation of Onkelos, who rendered ×Ö·×£ as an expression of wrath, this is its interpretation: Will wrath entice You that You should destroy the righteous with the wicked? | ×”××£ תספה: ×”×’× ×ª×¡×¤×”. ×•×œ×ª×¨×’×•× ×©×œ ××•× ×§×œ×•×¡ שתרגמו לשון רוגז, כך פירושו ×”××£ ישי×ך שתספה צדיק ×¢× ×¨×©×¢: | |
24Perhaps there are fifty righteous men in the midst of the city; will You even destroy and not forgive the place for the sake of the fifty righteous men who are in its midst? | כד×וּלַ֥י ×™ÖµÖ›×©× ×—Ö²×žÖ´×©Ö´Ö¼×Ö¥×™× ×¦Ö·×“Ö´Ö¼×™×§Ö´Ö–× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×ªÖ£×•Ö¹×šÖ° הָעִ֑יר ×”Ö·×ַ֤ף תִּסְפֶּה֙ וְלֹֽ×Ö¾×ªÖ´×©Ö¸Ö¼×‚Ö£× ×œÖ·×žÖ¸Ö¼×§Ö”×•Ö¹× ×œÖ°×žÖ·Ö›×¢Ö·×Ÿ חֲמִשִּ×Ö¥×™× ×”Ö·×¦Ö·Ö¼×“Ö´Ö¼×™×§Ö´Ö–× ×ֲשֶ×֥ר בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ: | |
Perhaps there are fifty righteous men: ten righteous men for each city, because there were five places. — [from Targum Jonathan] | ×ולי יש ×—×ž×©×™× ×¦×“×™×§×™×: עשרה ×¦×“×™×§×™× ×œ×›×œ כרך וכרך, ×›×™ חמשה מקומות יש: | |
25Far be it from You to do a thing such as this, to put to death the righteous with the wicked so that the righteous should be like the wicked. Far be it from You! Will the Judge of the entire earth not perform justice?" | כהחָלִ֨לָה לְּךָ֜ מֵֽעֲשׂ֣ת | כַּדָּבָ֣ר ×”Ö·×–Ö¶Ö¼Ö—×” לְהָמִ֤ית צַדִּיק֙ ×¢Ö´×־רָשָ×Ö”×¢ וְהָיָ֥ה כַצַּדִּ֖יק כָּֽרָשָ×Ö‘×¢ חָלִ֣לָה לָּ֔ךְ הֲשֹ×פֵט֙ כָּל־הָ×ָ֔רֶץ ×œÖ¹Ö¥× ×™Ö·Ö½×¢Ö²×©Ö¶×‚Ö–×” מִשְ×פָּֽט: | |
Far be it from You: And if You say that the righteous will not save the wicked, why should You kill the righteous?- [from Gen. Rabbah 49:8] | חלילה לך: ו×× ×ª×מר ×œ× ×™×¦×™×œ×• ×”×¦×“×™×§×™× ×ת הרשעי×, למה תמית הצדיקי×: | |
Far be it from You: Heb. חָלִילָה. It is profane (חוּלִין) , [i.e., unfitting] for You. They will say, “So is His craft. He inundates everyone, righteous and wicked.” So You did to the Generation of the Flood and to the Generation of the Dispersion. — [from Tan. Vayera 8] | חלילה לך: חולין ×”×•× ×œ×š, ×™×מרו כך ×”×•× ××•×ž× ×ª×•, שוטף הכל, ×¦×“×™×§×™× ×•×¨×©×¢×™×, כך עשית לדור המבול ולדור הפלגה: | |
a thing such as this: Neither this nor anything similar to it. — | כדבר ×”×–×”: ×œ× ×”×•× ×•×œ× ×›×™×•×¦× ×‘×•: | |
Far be it from You: for the World to Come. — [from Tan. Buber] | חלילה לך: ×œ×¢×•×œ× ×”×‘×: | |
Will the Judge of the entire earth: The “hey” of הֲשֹ×פֵט is vowelized with a “chataf pattach,” as an expression of wonder: Will He Who judges not perform true justice?! | השופט כל ×”×רץ: × ×§×•×“ בחטף פת"×— ×”"× ×©×œ השופט לשון תמיה, וכי מי ×©×”×•× ×©×•×¤×˜ ×œ× ×™×¢×©×” משפט ×מת: | |
26And the Lord said, "If I find in Sodom fifty righteous men within the city, I will forgive the entire place for their sake." | כווַיֹּ֣×מֶר יְהֹוָ֔ה ×Ö´×Ö¾×Ö¶×žÖ°×¦Ö¸Ö¥× ×‘Ö´×¡Ö°×“Ö¹Ö›× ×—Ö²×žÖ´×©Ö´Ö¼×Ö¥×™× ×¦Ö·×“Ö´Ö¼×™×§Ö´Ö–× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×ªÖ£×•Ö¹×šÖ° הָעִ֑יר ×•Ö°× Ö¸×©Ö¸×‚Ö¥×תִי ×œÖ°×›Ö¸×œÖ¾×”Ö·×žÖ¸Ö¼×§Ö–×•Ö¹× ×‘Ö·Ö¼Ö½×¢Ö²×‘×•Ö¼×¨Ö¸Ö½×: | |
"If I find in Sodom, etc., the entire place”: [Sodom refers to] all the cities, but because Sodom was the metropolis and the most important of them all, Scripture ascribes [the fifty righteous men] to it. | ×× ××ž×¦× ×‘×¡×“×•× ×•×’×•' לכל המקו×: לכל הכרכי×, לפי ×©×¡×“×•× ×”×™×ª×” מטרפולין וחשובה ×ž×›×•×œ× ×ª×œ×” בה הכתוב: | |
27And Abraham answered and said, "Behold now I have commenced to speak to the Lord, although I am dust and ashes. | כזוַיַּ֥עַן ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö–× ×•Ö·×™Ö¹Ö¼×מַ֑ר ×”Ö´× ÖµÖ¼×”Ö¾× Ö¸Ö¤× ×”×•Ö¹×ַ֨לְתִּי֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר ×ֶל־×Ö²×“Ö¹× Ö¸Ö”×™ וְ×Ö¸Ö½× Ö¹×›Ö´Ö–×™ עָפָ֥ר וָ×ֵֽפֶר: | |
although I am dust and ashes: I was already fit to be dust at the hands of the kings and ashes at the hands of Nimrod, were it not for Your mercies that stood by me. | ו×× ×›×™ עפר ו×פר: וכבר הייתי ר×וי להיות עפר על ידי המלכי×, ו×פר על ידי × ×ž×¨×•×“, לולי רחמיך ×שר עמדו לי: | |
28Perhaps the fifty righteous men will be missing five. Will You destroy the entire city because of five?" And He said, "I will not destroy if I find there forty-five." | ×›×—××•Ö¼×œÖ·Ö ×™ יַחְסְר֞וּן חֲמִשִּ×Ö¤×™× ×”Ö·×¦Ö·Ö¼×“Ö´Ö¼×™×§Ö´×Ö™ חֲמִשָּ×Ö”×” הֲתַשְ×חִ֥ית בַּֽחֲמִשָּ×Ö–×” ×ֶת־כָּל־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֨×מֶר֙ ×œÖ¹Ö£× ×ַשְ×חִ֔ית ×Ö´×Ö¾×Ö¶×žÖ°×¦Ö¸Ö£× ×©Ö¸×Ö”× ×Ö·×¨Ö°×‘Ö¸Ö¼×¢Ö´Ö–×™× ×•Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×žÖ´×©Ö¸Ö¼Ö½××”: | |
Will You destroy because of five: Will there not be nine for each city? And You, the Righteous One of the world, will be counted with them. — [from Gen. Rabbah 49:9] | התשחית בחמשה: ×•×”×œ× ×”×Ÿ תשעה לכל כרך, ו×תה צדיקו של ×¢×•×œ× ×ª×¦×˜×¨×£ עמה×: | |
29And he continued further to speak to Him, and he said, "Perhaps forty will be found there." And He said, "I will not do it for the sake of the forty." | כטוַיֹּ֨סֶף ע֜וֹד לְדַבֵּ֤ר ×ֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ×מַ֔ר ×וּלַ֛י יִמָּֽצְ×֥וּן שָ×Ö–× ×Ö·×¨Ö°×‘Ö¸Ö¼×¢Ö´Ö‘×™× ×•Ö·×™Ö¹Ö¼Ö¨×מֶר֙ ×œÖ¹Ö£× ×ֶֽעֱשֶׂ֔ה בַּֽעֲב֖וּר ×”Ö¸Ö½×ַרְבָּעִֽי×: | |
Perhaps forty will be found there: And four cities will be saved, and so thirty will save three of them, or twenty will save two of them, or ten will save one of them. — [from Zohar, vol. 1, omissions, 255b] | ×ולי ימצ×ון ×©× ×רבעי×: וימלטו ×רבעה הכרכי×, וכן ×©×œ×©×™× ×™×¦×™×œ×• שלשה ×ž×”× ×ו ×¢×©×¨×™× ×™×¦×™×œ×• ×©× ×™× ×ž×”× ×ו עשרה יצילו ×חד מה×: | |
30And he said, "Please, let the Lord's wrath not be kindled, and I will speak. Perhaps thirty will be found there." And He said, "I will not do it if I find thirty there." | ×œ×•Ö·Ö ×™Ö¹Ö¼Ö ×מֶר ×Ö·×œÖ¾× Ö¸Öž× ×™Ö´Ö¤×—Ö·×¨ לַֽ××“Ö¹× Ö¸×™Ö™ וַֽ×ֲדַבֵּ֔רָה ×וּלַ֛י יִמָּֽצְ×֥וּן שָ×Ö–× ×©Ö°×לשִ×Ö‘×™× ×•Ö·×™Ö¹Ö¼Ö¨×מֶר֙ ×œÖ¹Ö£× ×ֶֽעֱשֶׂ֔ה ×Ö´×Ö¾×Ö¶×žÖ°×¦Ö¸Ö¥× ×©Ö¸×Ö–× ×©Ö°×לשִֽ××™×: | |
31And he said, "Behold now I have desired to speak to the Lord, perhaps twenty will be found there." And He said, "I will not destroy for the sake of the twenty." | ל×וַיֹּ֗×מֶר ×”Ö´× ÖµÖ¼×”Ö¾× Ö¸Ö¤× ×”×•Ö¹×ַ֨לְתִּי֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר ×ֶל־×Ö²×“Ö¹× Ö¸Ö”×™ ×וּלַ֛י יִמָּֽצְ×֥וּן שָ×Ö–× ×¢Ö¶×©Ö°×‚×¨Ö´Ö‘×™× ×•Ö·×™Ö¹Ö¼Ö¨×מֶר֙ ×œÖ¹Ö£× ×ַשְ×חִ֔ית בַּֽעֲב֖וּר הָֽעֶשְׂרִֽי×: | |
Behold now I have desired: Heb. הוֹ×ַלְתִּי. I have desired, as in (Exod. 2:21):“And Moses was willing (וַיוֹ×ֶל) .” | הו×לתי: רציתי כמו (שמות ב ×›×) ויו×ל משה: | |
32And he said, "Please, let the Lord's wrath not be kindled, and I will speak yet this time, perhaps ten will be found there." And He said, "I will not destroy for the sake of the ten." | ×œ×‘×•Ö·Ö ×™Ö¹Ö¼Ö ×מֶר ×Ö·×œÖ¾× Ö¸Öž× ×™Ö´Ö¤×—Ö·×¨ לַֽ××“Ö¹× Ö¸×™Ö™ וַֽ×ֲדַבְּרָ֣ה ×Ö·×šÖ°Ö¾×”Ö·×¤Ö·Ö¼Ö”×¢Ö·× ×וּלַ֛י יִמָּֽצְ×֥וּן שָ×Ö–× ×¢Ö²×©Ö¸×‚×¨Ö¸Ö‘×” וַיֹּ֨×מֶר֙ ×œÖ¹Ö£× ×ַשְ×חִ֔ית בַּֽעֲב֖וּר הָֽעֲשָׂרָֽה: | |
perhaps ten will be found there: For fewer [than ten] he did not ask. He said, “In the Generation of the Flood, there were eight: Noah and his sons, and their wives, but they did not save their generation.” And for nine, together with counting [God] he had already asked, but did not find. | ×ולי ימצ×ון ×©× ×¢×©×¨×”: על פחות ×œ× ×‘×§×©. ×מר דור המבול היו ×©×ž×•× ×”, × ×— ×•×‘× ×™×• ×•× ×©×™×”× ×•×œ× ×”×¦×™×œ×• על דור×, ועל תשעה על ידי צירוף כבר בקש ×•×œ× ×ž×¦×: | |
33And the Lord departed when He finished speaking to Abraham, and Abraham returned to his place. | לגוַיֵּ֣לֶךְ יְהֹוָ֔ה ×›Ö·Ö¼Ö½×ֲשֶ×֣ר כִּלָּ֔ה לְדַבֵּ֖ר ×ֶל־×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö‘× ×•Ö°×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö–× ×©Ö¸×֥ב לִמְקֹמֽוֹ: | |
And the Lord departed, etc.: Since the defender was silent, the Judge left. | וילך ×”' וגו': כיון ×©× ×©×ª×ª×§ ×”×¡× ×™×’×•×¨ הלך לו הדיין: | |
and Abraham returned to his place: The Judge left, the defender left, and the prosecutor is accusing. Therefore: “And the two angels came to Sodom,” to destroy (Gen. Rabbah 49:14). One to destroy Sodom and one to save Lot, and he [the latter] is the same one who came to heal Abraham, but the third one, who came to announce [Isaac’s birth] to Sarah, since he had performed his mission, he departed (Tan. Vayera 8). | ו××‘×¨×”× ×©×‘ למקומו: × ×¡×ª×œ×§ הדיין × ×¡×ª×œ×§ ×”×¡× ×™×’×•×¨ והקטיגור מקטרג, ולפיכך (יט ×) ויב×ו ×©× ×™ המל××›×™× ×¡×“×•×ž×” [בערב] להשחית. ×חד להשחית ×ת ×¡×“×•× ×•×חד להציל ×ת לוט, ×•×”×•× ×ותו ×©×‘× ×œ×¨×¤×ות ×ת ×ברה×. והשלישי ×©×‘× ×œ×‘×©×¨ ×ת שרה, כיון שעשה שליחותו × ×¡×ª×œ×§ לו: |
Bereishit - Genesis - Chapter 21
RASHI:
ShowHide
SHOW CONTENT IN:
BothEnglishHebrew
1And the Lord remembered Sarah as He had said, and the Lord did to Sarah as He had spoken. | ×וַֽיהֹוָ֛ה פָּקַ֥ד ×ֶת־שָׂרָ֖ה ×›Ö·Ö¼Ö½×ֲשֶ×֣ר ×ָמָ֑ר וַיַּ֧עַשׂ יְהֹוָ֛ה לְשָׂרָ֖ה ×›Ö·Ö¼Ö½×ֲשֶ×֥ר דִּבֵּֽר: | |
And the Lord remembered Sarah, etc.: (B.K 92a) This section was placed next to [the preceding section] to teach you that whoever begs for mercy for his friend, when he needs the same thing, he is answered first, for it is said (verse 17) “And Abraham prayed, etc.,” and immediately following it, “And the Lord remembered Sarah,” i.e., He had already remembered her before He healed Abimelech. — | וה' פקד ×ת שרה וגו': סמך פרשה זו לכ×ן ללמדך שכל המבקש ×¨×—×ž×™× ×¢×œ חבירו ×•×”×•× ×¦×¨×™×š ל×ותו דבר ×”×•× × ×¢× ×” תחילה, ×©× ×מר (לעיל ×› ×™×–) ויתפלל וגו' וסמיך ליה וה' פקד ×ת שרה שפקד כבר ×§×•×“× ×©×¨×¤× ×ת ×בימלך: | |
remembered Sarah as He had said: Concerning [the promise of] conception. — | פקד ×ת שרה ×›×שר ×מר: בהריון: | |
as He had spoken: Concerning [the promise of] birth. Now where is [the expression] “saying” and where is [the expression] “speaking” ? “Saying” (×ִמִירה) is mentioned (above 17:19):“And God said (וַיֹ×מֶר) : Indeed, your wife Sarah, etc…”“Speaking” (דִבוּר) [is mentioned] (above 15:1):“The word of (דְבַר) the Lord came to Abram,” in the Covenant Between the Parts, where it is stated (ibid. 4):“This one [Eliezer] will not inherit you, etc.” and He brought forth the heir from Sarah. | ×›×שר דבר: בלידה. והיכן ×”×™× ×מירה והיכן ×”×•× ×“×‘×•×¨, ×מירה (לעיל ×™×– יט) וי×מר ×-×œ×”×™× ×בל שרה ×שתך וגו', דבור (×©× ×˜×• ×) ×”×™×” דבר ×”' ×ל ×בר×, בברית בין הבתרי×, ×•×©× × ×מר (×©× ×“) ×œ× ×™×™×¨×©×š ×–×” וגו', ×•×”×‘×™× ×”×™×•×¨×© משרה: | |
and the Lord did to Sarah as He had spoken: to Abraham. | ויעש ×”' לשרה ×›×שר דבר: ל×ברה×: | |
2And Sarah conceived and bore a son to Abraham in his old age, at the time of which God had spoken to him. | בוַתַּ֩הַר֩ וַתֵּ֨לֶד שָׂרָ֧ה לְ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö›× ×‘ÖµÖ¼Ö–×Ÿ ×œÖ´×–Ö°×§Ö»× Ö¸Ö‘×™×• לַמּוֹעֵ֕ד ×ֲשֶ×ר־דִּבֶּ֥ר ×ֹת֖וֹ ×ֱלֹהִֽי×: | |
at the time of which [He] had spoken: Rabbi Yudan and Rabbi Chama dispute. Rabbi Yudan says: This teaches us that he was born after nine months, so that it should not be said that he was [conceived] in Abimelech’s household, and Rabbi Chama says: After seven months. — [from Gen. Rabbah 53:6] | למועד ×שר דבר: ר' יודן ורבי חמ×. רבי יודן ×ומר מלמד ×©× ×•×œ×“ לט' ×—×“×©×™× ×©×œ× ×™×מרו מביתו של ×בימלך ×”×•× ×•×¨' ×—×ž× ×ומר לשבעה חדשי×: | |
at the time of which God had spoken: Heb. ×ֹתוֹ. [Onkelos and Jonathan render:] דְמַלֵיל יָתֵי, i.e., the time that He had spoken and fixed, when he [the angel] said to him (18:14):“At the appointed time, I will return to you.” He made a scratch on the wall, and said to him,“ When the sun reaches this scratch next year, she will give birth.” - [from Tan. Buber, Vayera 36] | למועד ×שר דבר ×תו: דמליל יתיה. ×ת המועד ×שר דבר וקבע כש×מר לו (לעיל ×™×— יד) למועד ×שוב ×ליך, שרט לו שריטה בכותל ו×מר לו כשתגיע חמה לשריטה זו ×‘×©× ×” ×חרת תלד: | |
in his old age: ×œÖ´×–Ö°×§Ö»× Ö¸×™×• means that his [Isaac’s] facial features were like his. — [from Gen. Rabbah 53:6] | ×œ×–×§×•× ×™×•: שהיה זיו ××§×•× ×™×Ÿ שלו דומה לו: | |
3And Abraham named his son who had been born to him, whom Sarah had borne to him, Isaac. | ×’×•Ö·×™Ö´Ö¼×§Ö°×¨Ö¸Ö¨× ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Öœ× ×ֶת־שֶ××Ö¾×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö§×•Ö¹ ×”Ö·× Ö¼Ö½×•Ö¹×œÖ·×“Ö¾×œÖ›×•Ö¹ ×ֲשֶ×ר־יָֽלְדָה־לּ֥וֹ שָׂרָ֖ה יִצְחָֽק: | |
4And Abraham circumcised his son Isaac when he was eight days old, as God had commanded him. | דוַיָּ֤מָל ×ַבְרָהָ×Ö™ ×ֶת־יִצְחָ֣ק ×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö”×•Ö¹ בֶּן־שְ××žÖ¹× Ö·Ö–×ª ×™Ö¸×žÖ´Ö‘×™× ×›Ö·Ö¼Ö½×ֲשֶ×֛ר צִוָּ֥ה ×ֹת֖וֹ ×ֱלֹהִֽי×: | |
5And Abraham was a hundred years old, when his son Isaac was born to him. | הוְ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö–× ×‘Ö¶Ö¼×ŸÖ¾×žÖ°×ַ֣ת שָ×× Ö¸Ö‘×” בְּהִוָּ֣לֶד ל֔וֹ ×ֵ֖ת יִצְחָ֥ק ×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö½×•Ö¹: | |
6And Sarah said, "God has made joy for me; whoever hears will rejoice over me." | ווַתֹּ֣×מֶר שָׂרָ֔ה צְחֹ֕ק עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖י ×Ö±×œÖ¹×”Ö´Ö‘×™× ×›Ö¸Ö¼×œÖ¾×”Ö·×©Ö¹Ö¼×מֵ֖עַ יִֽצֲחַק־לִֽי: | |
will rejoice over me: Heb. יִצְחַק will rejoice for me (Targum Onkelos). And the Midrashic interpretation (Gen. Rabbah 53:8) is: Many barren women were remembered with her; many sick people were healed on that very day; many prayers were answered with hers, and there was much joy in the world. | יצחק לי: ישמח עלי. ומדרש ×גדה הרבה עקרות × ×¤×§×“×• עמה, הרבה ×—×•×œ×™× × ×ª×¨×¤×ו בו ביו×, הרבה תפלות × ×¢× ×• עמה, ורב שחוק ×”×™×” בעול×: | |
7And she said, "Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children, for I have borne a son to his old age!" | זוַתֹּ֗×מֶר מִ֤י מִלֵּל֙ לְ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö”× ×”Öµ×™× Ö´Ö¥×™×§Ö¸×” ×‘Ö¸× Ö´Ö–×™× ×©Ö¸×‚×¨Ö¸Ö‘×” כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי בֵ֖ן ×œÖ´×–Ö°×§Ö»× Ö¸Ö½×™×•: | |
Who would have said to Abraham: An expression of praise and esteem, as in (Isa. 41:4): “Who has wrought and done?” ; (ibid. 40:26):“Who has created these?” See what He is and Who He is (and how great He is), He Who keeps His promise! The Holy One, blessed be He, promises and does. — [based on Targum Onkelos] | מי מלל ל×ברה×: לשון שבח וחשיבות, ר×ו מי ×”×•× ×•×ž×” הו×, שומר הבטחתו, הקב"×” מבטיח ועושה: | |
said: Heb. מִלֵל. Scripture uses an unusual word and does not say דִבֶּר because its numerical value [of מִלֵל] is 100, i.e., at the end of one hundred [years] of Abraham. — [from Gen. Rabbah 53:3] | מלל: ×©×™× ×” הכתוב ×•×œ× ×מר דבר, גימטריה שלו מ××”, כלומר לסוף מ××” ל×ברה×: | |
Sarah would nurse children: Why is “children” in the plural? On the day of the feast, the princesses brought their children with them, and she nursed them, for they were saying,“Sarah did not give birth, but brought in a foundling from the street.” - [from B.M. 87a] See above 17:16. | ×”×™× ×™×§×” ×‘× ×™× ×©×¨×”: ומהו ×‘× ×™× ×œ×©×•×Ÿ רבי×, ×‘×™×•× ×”×ž×©×ª×” הבי×ו השרות ×ת ×‘× ×™×”×Ÿ עמהן ×•×”×™× ×™×§×” ××•×ª× ×©×”×™×• ×ומרות ×œ× ×™×œ×“×” שרה ××œ× ×סופי הבי××” מן השוק: | |
8And the child grew and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned. | חוַיִּגְדַּ֥ל הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל וַיַּ֤עַשׂ ×ַבְרָהָ×Ö™ מִשְ×תֶּ֣ה גָד֔וֹל ×‘Ö°Ö¼×™Ö–×•Ö¹× ×”Ö´×’Ö¸Ö¼×žÖµÖ¥×œ ×ֶת־יִצְחָֽק: | |
and was weaned: At the end of twenty-four months. — [from Gen. Rabbah 53:10, Keth. 60a] | ויגמל: לסוף ×¢×©×¨×™× ×•×רבע חדש: | |
a great feast: for all the prominent people of the generation were there: Shem, Eber, and Abimelech. — [from Tan. Buber, Vayishlach 23] Cf. Gen. Rabbah 53:10. | משתה גדול: שהיו ×©× ×’×“×•×œ×™ הדור, ×©× ×•×¢×‘×¨ ו×בימלך: | |
9And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, making merry. | ×˜×•Ö·×ªÖµÖ¼Ö¨×¨Ö¶× ×©Ö¸×‚×¨Ö¸Öœ×” ×ֶת־בֶּן־הָגָ֧ר הַמִּצְרִ֛ית ×ֲשֶ×ר־יָֽלְדָ֥ה לְ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö–× ×žÖ°×¦Ö·×—ÖµÖ½×§: | |
making merry: Heb. מְצַחֵק. An expression of idolatry, as it is said (Exod. 32:6):“and they rose up to make merry” (לְצַחֵק) . Another explanation: An expression of illicit sexual relations, as it is said (below 39:17):“to mock (לְצַחֶק) me.” Another explanation: An expression of murder, as it is said (II Sam. 2:14):“Let the boys get up now and sport (וַיִשַׂחֲקוּ) before us, etc.” - [from Gen. Rabbah 53:11] | מצחק: לשון עבודה זרה, כמו ×©× ×מר (שמות לב ו) ויקומו לצחק. דבר ×חר לשון גילוי עריות, כמה ×“×ª×™×ž× (להלן לט ×™×–) לצחק בי. דבר ×חר לשון רציחה כמו (ש"ב ב יד) יקומו × × ×”× ×¢×¨×™× ×•×™×©×—×§×• ×œ×¤× ×™× ×• וגו': | |
10And Sarah said to Abraham, "Drive out this handmaid and her son, for the son of this handmaid shall not inherit with my son, with Isaac." | יוַתֹּ֨×מֶר֙ לְ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö”× ×’Ö¸Ö¼×¨ÖµÖ›×©× ×”Ö¸Ö½×ָמָ֥ה ×”Ö·×–Ö¹Ö¼Ö–×ת וְ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö¸Ö‘×”Ö¼ ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö£×™ ×œÖ¹Ö¤× ×™Ö´×™×¨Ö·×©×Ö™ בֶּן־הָֽ×ָמָ֣ה ×”Ö·×–Ö¹Ö¼Ö”×ת ×¢Ö´×Ö¾×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö´Ö–×™ ×¢Ö´×־יִצְחָֽק: | |
with my son, etc.: From Sarah’s reply, “For the son of this handmaid shall not inherit with my son,” you learn that he would quarrel with Isaac regarding the inheritance and say,“ I am the firstborn and should take two portions,” and they would go out to the field, and he would take his bow and shoot arrows at him, as it is said (Prov. 26:18f.): “Like one who wearies himself shooting firebrands, etc. and says: Am I not joking?” - [from above source] | ×¢× ×‘× ×™ וגו': מתשובת שרה ×›×™ ×œ× ×™×™×¨×© בן ×”×מה ×”×–×ת ×¢× ×‘× ×™ ×תה למד שהיה מריב ×¢× ×™×¦×—×§ על הירושה ו×ומר ×× ×™ בכור ×•× ×•×˜×œ פי ×©× ×™×, ויוצ××™× ×‘×©×“×” ×•× ×•×˜×œ קשתו ויורה בו חצי×, כד×ת ×מר (משלי כו ×™×— - יט) כמתלהלה היורה ×–×§×™× ×•×’×•' ו×מר ×”×œ× ×ž×©×—×§ ×× ×™: | |
with my son, with Isaac: (Gen. Rabbah 53:11) Just because he is my son, even if he were not as deserving as Isaac, or [if he were] as deserving as Isaac, even if he were not my son, this one [Ishmael] does not deserve to inherit with him. How much more so [does he not deserve to inherit] with my son, with Isaac, who has both qualities!- | ×¢× ×‘× ×™ ×¢× ×™×¦×—×§: מכיון ×©×”×•× ×‘× ×™ ×פילו ×× ××™× ×• הגון כיצחק, ×ו הגון כיצחק ×פילו ×× ××™× ×• ×‘× ×™, ×ין ×–×” כד××™ לירש עמו, קל וחומר ×¢× ×‘× ×™ ×¢× ×™×¦×—×§ ששתיהן בו: | |
11But the matter greatly displeased Abraham, concerning his son. | ×™×וַיֵּ֧רַע הַדָּבָ֛ר מְ×ֹ֖ד ×‘Ö°Ö¼×¢Öµ×™× ÖµÖ£×™ ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö‘× ×¢Ö·Ö–×œ ×וֹדֹ֥ת ×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö½×•Ö¹: | |
concerning his son: Because he heard that he had fallen to wicked ways (Tan. Shemoth 1). According to its simple meaning, however, [it means] because she told him to send him away. | על ×ודות ×‘× ×•: ששמע ×©×™×¦× ×œ×ª×¨×‘×•×ª רעה. ופשוטו על ש×מרה לו לשלחו: | |
12And God said to Abraham, "Be not displeased concerning the lad and concerning your handmaid; whatever Sarah tells you, hearken to her voice, for in Isaac will be called your seed. | יבוַיֹּ֨×מֶר ×Ö±×œÖ¹×”Ö´Öœ×™× ×ֶל־×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö—× ×ַל־יֵרַ֤ע ×‘Ö°Ö¼×¢Öµ×™× Ö¶Ö¨×™×šÖ¸Ö™ ×¢Ö·×œÖ¾×”Ö·× Ö·Ö¼Ö£×¢Ö·×¨ וְעַל־×ֲמָתֶ֔ךָ כֹּל֩ ×ֲשֶ×֨ר תֹּ×מַ֥ר ×ֵלֶ֛יךָ שָׂרָ֖ה שְ×מַ֣ע בְּקֹלָ֑הּ ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö£×™ בְיִצְחָ֔ק ×™Ö´×§Ö¸Ö¼×¨ÖµÖ¥× ×œÖ°×šÖ¸Ö– זָֽרַע: | |
hearken to her voice: (to the voice of the holy spirit within her.) We learn from here that Abraham was inferior to Sarah in prophecy. — [from Exod. Rabbah 1:1, Tan. Shemoth 1] | שמע בקולה: ×œ×ž×“× ×• שהיה ××‘×¨×”× ×˜×¤×œ לשרה ×‘× ×‘×™×ות: | |
13But also the son of the handmaid I will make into a nation, because he is your seed." | ×™×’×•Ö°×’Ö·Ö¥× ×ֶת־בֶּן־הָֽ×ָמָ֖ה לְג֣וֹי ×Ö²×©Ö´×‚×™×žÖ¶Ö‘× Ö¼×•Ö¼ ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö¥×™ זַרְעֲךָ֖ הֽוּ×: | |
14And Abraham arose early in the morning, and he took bread and a leather pouch of water, and he gave [them] to Hagar, he placed [them] on her shoulder, and the child, and he sent her away; and she went and wandered in the desert of Beer sheba. | ידוַיַּשְ××›ÖµÖ¼Ö£× ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö£× | בַּבֹּ֡קֶר וַיִּקַּח־לֶ֩חֶ×Ö© וְחֵ֨מַת ×žÖ·Öœ×™Ö´× ×•Ö·×™Ö´Ö¼×ªÖµÖ¼Ö£×Ÿ ×Ö¶×œÖ¾×”Ö¸Ö ×’Ö¸Ö ×¨ ×©Ö¸×‚Ö§× ×¢Ö·×œÖ¾×©Ö´×כְמָ֛הּ וְ×ֶת־הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיְשַ×לְּחֶ֑הָ וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ וַתֵּ֔תַע בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר בְּ×ֵ֥ר שָֽ×בַע: | |
bread and a leather pouch of water: But not silver and gold, because he hated him for falling to evil ways. — [from Tan. Shemoth 1] | ×œ×—× ×•×—×ž×ª מי×: ×•×œ× ×›×¡×£ וזהב, לפי שהיה ×©×•× ×ו על ×©×™×¦× ×œ×ª×¨×‘×•×ª רעה: | |
and the child: (Gen. Rabbah 53:13) He also placed the child on her shoulder, because Sarah had cast an evil eye upon him, and he was seized by a fever so that he could not walk on his feet. | ו×ת הילד: ××£ הילד ×©× ×¢×œ שכמה, ×©×”×›× ×™×¡×” בו שרה עין רעה ו×חזתו חמה ×•×œ× ×™×›×•×œ לילך ברגליו: | |
and she went and wandered: She reverted to the idols of her father’s house. — [from Pirkei d’Rabbi Eliezer, ch. 30] | ותלך ותתע: חזרה לגלולי בית ×ביה: | |
15And the water was depleted from the leather pouch, and she cast the child under one of the bushes. | טווַיִּכְל֥וּ ×”Ö·×žÖ·Ö¼Ö–×™Ö´× ×žÖ´×ŸÖ¾×”Ö·×—ÖµÖ‘×žÖ¶×ª וַתַּשְ×לֵ֣ךְ ×ֶת־הַיֶּ֔לֶד תַּ֖חַת ×ַחַ֥ד הַשִּׂיחִֽ×: | |
And the water was depleted: Because sick people habitually drink great amounts. — [from Gen. Rabbah 53:13] | ויכלו המי×: לפי שדרך ×—×•×œ×™× ×œ×©×ª×•×ª הרבה: | |
16And she went and sat down from afar, at about the distance of two bowshots, for she said, "Let me not see the child's death." And she sat from afar, and she raised her voice and wept. | טזוַתֵּ֩לֶךְ֩ וַתֵּ֨שֶ×ב לָ֜הּ ×žÖ´× Ö¶Ö¼Ö—×’Ö¶×“ הַרְחֵק֙ כִּמְטַֽחֲוֵ֣י קֶ֔שֶ×ת ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö£×™ ×ָֽמְרָ֔ה ×ַל־×ֶרְ×Ö¶Ö–×” בְּמ֣וֹת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַתֵּ֣שֶ×ב ×žÖ´× Ö¶Ö¼Ö”×’Ö¶×“ ×•Ö·×ªÖ´Ö¼×©Ö¸Ö¼×‚Ö¥× ×ֶת־קֹלָ֖הּ וַתֵּֽבְךְּ: | |
from afar: Heb. ×žÖ´× Ö¶×’Ö¶×“, from afar. — [from Gen. Rabbah 53:13] | ×ž× ×’×“: מרחוק: | |
the distance of two bowshots: As far as two bowshots, and it is an expression of shooting an arrow. [It is used so] in the language of the Mishnah (Yev. 90b, Sanh. 46a):“who cohabited (הֵטִיח) with his wife,” because the semen shoots like an arrow. Now if you ask: it should have been כִּמְטַחֵי קֶשֶ×ת, [I will answer you that] it is grammatically correct to insert a “vav” here, as in (Song 2:14):“in the clefts of (בְּחַגְוָי) the rock,” from the [same] root as (Isa. 19:17):“And the land of Judah will be to Egypt for a breach (לְחָגָ×) ,” and from the [same] root as (Ps. 107:27):“They reeled (יָחוֹגוּ) and staggered like a drunkard.” Similarly (ibid. 65:6):“the ends of (קַצְוָי) the earth,” being derived from קָצֶה (end). | כמטחוי קשת: כשתי טיחות ×•×”×•× ×œ×©×•×Ÿ יריית ×—×¥, בלשון ×ž×©× ×” שהטיח ב×שתו, על ×©× ×©×”×–×¨×¢ יורה ×›×—×¥. ו×× ×ª×מר ×”×™×” לו לכתוב כמטחי קשת, משפט הוי"ו ×œ×™×›× ×¡ לכ×ן, כמו (שה"ש ב יד) בחגוי הסלע, מגזרת (ישעיה יט ×™×–) והיתה ×דמת יהודה ×œ×ž×¦×¨×™× ×œ×—×’×, ומגזרת (×ª×”×œ×™× ×§×– ×›×–) יחוגו ×•×™× ×•×¢×• כשכור, וכן (×©× ×¡×” ו) קצוי ×רץ, מגזרת קצה: | |
And she sat from afar: When he drew near death, she went further away. | ותשב ×ž× ×’×“: כיון שקרב למות הוסיפה להתרחק: | |
17And God heard the lad's voice, and an angel of God called to Hagar from heaven, and said to her, "What is troubling you, Hagar? Fear not, for God has heard the lad's voice in the place where he is. | יזוַיִּשְ×מַ֣ע ×ֱלֹהִי×Ö˜ ×ֶת־ק֣וֹל ×”Ö·× Ö·Ö¼Ö’×¢Ö·×¨Ö’ וַיִּקְרָ×Ö© מַלְ×ַ֨ךְ ×Ö±×œÖ¹×”Ö´Ö¤×™× | ×ֶל־הָגָר֙ מִן־הַשָּ××žÖ·Ö”×™Ö´× ×•Ö·×™Ö¹Ö¼Ö¥×מֶר לָ֖הּ מַה־לָּ֣ךְ הָגָ֑ר ×ַל־תִּ֣ירְ×Ö´Ö”×™ כִּֽי־שָ×מַ֧ע ×Ö±×œÖ¹×”Ö´Ö›×™× ×ֶל־ק֥וֹל ×”Ö·× Ö·Ö¼Ö–×¢Ö·×¨ בַּֽ×ֲשֶ×֥ר הוּ×־שָֽ××: | |
the lad’s voice: From here [we learn] that the sick person’s prayer is more effective than the prayer of others on his behalf, and is the first to be accepted. — [from Gen. Rabbah 53:14] | ×ת קול ×”× ×¢×¨: מכ×ן שיפה תפלת החולה מתפלת ××—×¨×™× ×¢×œ×™×•, ×•×”×™× ×§×•×“×ž×ª להתקבל: | |
where he is: According to the deeds that he does now he is judged and not according to what he is destined to do (Rosh Hashanah 16b). For the ministering angels were accusing and saying,“ O Lord of the Universe, for one who is destined to kill Your children with thirst, You are bringing up a well?!” And He answered them, “What is he now, righteous or wicked?” They replied, “Righteous.” He said to them, “According to his present deeds I judge him” (Gen. Rabbah 53:14). And that is the meaning of “where he is.” Now where did he kill the Israelites with thirst? When Nebuchadnezzar exiled them, as it is stated (Isa. 21: 13f.): “The harsh prophecy concerning Arabia, etc. Toward the thirsty bring ye water, etc.” When they led them beside the Arabs, the Israelites said to their captors, “Please lead us beside the children of our uncle Ishmael, and they will have mercy on us,” as it is stated:“the caravans of the Dedanites.” Do not read ×“Ö°×“Ö¸× Ö´×™× (Dedanites) but ×“Ö°×•Ö¹×“Ö´×™× (uncles). And these [Ishmaelites] went forth toward them and brought them salted meat and fish and inflated skins. The Israelites thought that they were full of water, but when one would place it into one’s mouth and open it, the air would enter his body and he would die (Tan. Yithro 5). | ב×שר ×”×•× ×©×: לפי ×ž×¢×©×™× ×©×”×•× ×¢×•×©×” עכשיו ×”×•× × ×“×•×Ÿ ×•×œ× ×œ×¤×™ מה ×©×”×•× ×¢×ª×™×“ לעשות, לפי שהיו מל××›×™ השרת ×ž×§×˜×¨×’×™× ×•××•×ž×¨×™× ×¨×‘×•× ×• של עול×, מי שעתיד זרעו להמית ×‘× ×™×š ×‘×¦×ž× ×תה מעלה לו ב×ר. ×•×”×•× ×ž×©×™×‘× ×¢×›×©×™×• מה הו×, צדיק ×ו רשע, ×מרו לו צדיק, ×מר ×œ×”× ×œ×¤×™ מעשיו של עכשיו ×× ×™ ×“× ×• וזהו ב×שר ×”×•× ×©×. והיכן המית ×ת ישר×ל בצמ×, ×›×©×”×’×œ× × ×‘×•×›×“× ×¦×¨, ×©× ×מר (ישעיה ×›× ×™×’ - יד) ×ž×©× ×‘×¢×¨×‘ וגו' לקר×ת ×¦×ž× ×”×ª×™×• ×ž×™× ×•×’×•' כשהיו מוליכין ××•×ª× ×צל ×¢×¨×‘×™×™× ×”×™×• ישר×ל ××•×ž×¨×™× ×œ×©×•×‘×™×”× ×‘×‘×§×©×” מכ×, ×”×•×œ×™×›×•× ×• ×צל ×‘× ×™ ×“×•×“× ×• ישמע×ל וירחמו ×¢×œ×™× ×•, ×©× ×מר (×©× ×©×) ×ורחות ×“×•×“× ×™× [×ל תקרי ×“×•×“× ×™× ××œ× ×“×•×“×™×] ו×לו יוצ××™× ×œ×§×¨××ª× ×•×ž×‘×™×ין ×œ×”× ×‘×©×¨ ודג מלוח ×•× ×•×“×•×ª × ×¤×•×—×™×, ×›×¡×‘×•×¨×™× ×™×©×¨×ל שמל××™× ×ž×™×, ×•×›×©×ž×›× ×™×¡×• לתוך פיו ופותחו, הרוח × ×›× ×¡ בגופו ומת: | |
18Rise, pick up the lad and grasp your hand upon him, for I shall make him into a great nation." | יחק֚וּמִי שְׂ×Ö´Ö£×™ ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾×”Ö·× Ö·Ö¼Ö”×¢Ö·×¨ וְהַֽחֲזִ֥יקִי ×ֶת־יָדֵ֖ךְ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־לְג֥וֹי גָּד֖וֹל ×Ö²×©Ö´×‚×™×žÖ¶Ö½× Ö¼×•Ö¼: | |
19And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water, and she went and filled the pouch with water and gave the lad to drink. | יטוַיִּפְקַ֤ח ×ֱלֹהִי×Ö™ ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾×¢Öµ×™× Ö¶Ö”×™×”Ö¸ ×•Ö·×ªÖµÖ¼Ö–×¨Ö¶× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×ֵ֣ר ×žÖ¸Ö‘×™Ö´× ×•Ö·×ªÖµÖ¼Öœ×œÖ¶×šÖ° ×•Ö·×ªÖ°Ö¼×žÖ·×œÖµÖ¼Ö¤× ×ֶת־הַחֵ֨מֶת֙ ×žÖ·Ö”×™Ö´× ×•Ö·×ªÖ·Ö¼Ö–×©Ö°×קְ ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾×”Ö·× Ö¸Ö¼Ö½×¢Ö·×¨: | |
20And God was with the lad, and he grew, and he dwelt in the desert, and he became an archer. | כוַיְהִ֧י ×Ö±×œÖ¹×”Ö´Ö›×™× ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾×”Ö·× Ö·Ö¼Ö–×¢Ö·×¨ וַיִּגְדָּ֑ל וַיֵּ֨שֶ×ב֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיְהִ֖י רֹבֶ֥ה קַשָּֽ×ת: | |
..and he became an archer: Heb. רֹבֶה קַשָ×ת, one who shoots arrows with a bow. | רובה קשת: יורה ×—×¦×™× ×‘×§×©×ª: | |
Heb. קַשָ×ת: [He is so designated] because of his occupation, like חַמָר, donkey driver, גַמָל, camel driver, צַיָד, hunter. Therefore, the “shin” is punctuated with a “dagesh.” He would dwell in the desert and waylay the passers-by. That is what is meant by (above 16: 12): “his hand will be upon all, etc.” | קשת: על ×©× ×”××•×ž× ×•×ª כמו חמר, גמל, ציד לפיכך השי"ן מודגשת. ×”×™×” יושב במדבר ×•×ž×œ×¡×˜× ×ת העוברי×, ×”×•× ×©× ×מר (לעיל טז יב) ידו בכל וגו': | |
21And he dwelt in the desert of Paran, and his mother took for him a wife from the land of Egypt. | ×›×וַיֵּ֖שֶ×ב בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר פָּ×רָ֑ן וַתִּקַּח־ל֥וֹ ×ִמּ֛וֹ ×ִשָּ×Ö–×” מֵ×ֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִ×: | |
from the land of Egypt: from the place where she grew up, as it is stated (above 16:1): “and she had an Egyptian handmaid, etc.” That is what people say, “Throw a stick into the air, and it will land on its place of origin (the ground).” - [from Gen. Rabbah 53:15] | מ×רץ מצרי×: ×ž×ž×§×•× ×’×“×•×œ×™×”, ×©× ×מר (×©× ×) ולה שפחה מצרית וגו'. ×”×™×™× ×• ד×מרי ××™× ×©×™ זרוק ×—×•×˜×¨× ×œ×ויר×, ×עיקריה ק××™: | |
22Now it came to pass at that time, that Abimelech and Phicol his general said to Abraham, saying, "God is with you in all that you do. | כבוַֽיְהִי֙ בָּעֵ֣ת ×”Ö·×”Ö´Ö”×•× ×•Ö·×™Ö¹Ö¼Ö£×מֶר ×ֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ וּפִיכֹל֙ שַׂר־צְבָ×֔וֹ ×ֶל־×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö–× ×œÖµ×מֹ֑ר ×Ö±×œÖ¹×”Ö´Ö£×™× ×¢Ö´×žÖ°Ö¼×šÖ¸Ö” בְּכֹ֥ל ×ֲשֶ×ר־×ַתָּ֖ה עֹשֶֽׂה: | |
God is with you: Because they saw that he had come out of the region of Sodom unscathed, and that he had fought with the kings and they fell into his hand, and that his wife was remembered [with a child] in his old age. — [from Gen. Rabbah 54:2] | ×-×œ×”×™× ×¢×ž×š: לפי שר×ו ×©×™×¦× ×ž×©×›×•× ×ª ×¡×“×•× ×œ×©×œ×•×, ×•×¢× ×”×ž×œ×›×™× × ×œ×—× ×•× ×¤×œ×• בידו, ×•× ×¤×§×“×” ×שתו ×œ×–×§×•× ×™×•: | |
23And now, swear to me here by God, that you will not lie to me or to my son or to my grandson; according to the kindness that I have done with you, you shall do with me, and with the land wherein you have sojourned." | כגוְעַתָּ֗ה הִשָּ×֨בְעָה לִּ֤י בֵֽ×לֹהִי×Ö™ ×”ÖµÖ”× Ö¸Ö¼×” ×Ö´×־תִּשְ×קֹ֣ר לִ֔י ×•Ö¼×œÖ°× Ö´×™× Ö´Ö–×™ ×•Ö¼×œÖ°× Ö¶×›Ö°×“Ö´Ö¼Ö‘×™ כַּחֶ֜סֶד ×ֲשֶ×ר־עָשִׂ֤יתִי עִמְּךָ֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה עִמָּדִ֔י וְעִ×Ö¾×”Ö¸×ָ֖רֶץ ×ֲשֶ×ר־גַּ֥רְתָּה בָּֽהּ: | |
or to my son or to my grandson: Thus far is a father’s compassion for his son. — [from Gen. Rabbah 54:2] | ×•×œ× ×™× ×™ ×•×œ× ×›×“×™: עד ×›×ן רחמי ×”×ב על הבן: | |
according to the kindness that I have done with you, you shall do with me: when I said to you (above 20:15):“Here is my land before you.” - [from Gen. Rabbah 54:2] | כחסד ×שר עשיתי עמך תעשה עמדי: ש×מרתי לך (לעיל ×› טו) ×”× ×” ×רצי ×œ×¤× ×™×š: | |
24And Abraham said, "I will swear." | כדוַיֹּ֨×מֶר֙ ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö”× ×Ö¸Ö½× Ö¹×›Ö´Ö–×™ ×ִשָּ×בֵֽעַ: | |
25And Abraham contended with Abimelech about the well of water that the servants of Abimelech had forcibly seized. | כהוְהוֹכִ֥חַ ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö–× ×ֶת־×ֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ עַל־×ֹדוֹת֙ בְּ×ֵ֣ר ×”Ö·×žÖ·Ö¼Ö”×™Ö´× ×ֲשֶ×֥ר גָּֽזְל֖וּ עַבְדֵ֥י ×ֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ: | |
And Abraham contended with Abimelech: Heb. הוֹכִיח Ö·×ֶת. He disputed with him concerning this. — [from Targum Jonathan] | והוכח: × ×ª×•×›×— עמו על כך: | |
26And Abimelech said, "I do not know who did this thing, neither did you tell me, nor did I hear [of it] until today. " | כווַיֹּ֣×מֶר ×ֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ ×œÖ¹Ö£× ×™Ö¸×“Ö·Ö”×¢Ö°×ªÖ´Ö¼×™ מִ֥י עָשָׂ֖ה ×ֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר ×”Ö·×–Ö¶Ö¼Ö‘×” וְגַ×Ö¾×ַתָּ֞ה לֹֽ×־הִגַּ֣דְתָּ לִּ֗י ×•Ö°×’Ö·Ö§× ×Ö¸Ö½× Ö¹×›Ö´Ö›×™ ×œÖ¹Ö¥× ×©Ö¸×מַ֖עְתִּי בִּלְתִּ֥י הַיּֽוֹ×: | |
27And Abraham took flocks and cattle, and gave them to Abimelech, and they both formed a covenant. | כזוַיִּקַּ֤ח ×ַבְרָהָ×Ö™ צֹ֣×ן וּבָקָ֔ר וַיִּתֵּ֖ן לַֽ×ֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַיִּכְרְת֥וּ שְ×× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×¨Ö´Ö½×™×ª: | |
28And Abraham placed seven ewe lambs by themselves. | כחוַיַּצֵּ֣ב ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö—× ×ֶת־שֶ×֛בַע כִּבְשׂ֥ת הַצֹּ֖×ן לְבַדְּהֶֽן: | |
29And Abimelech said to Abraham, "What are these seven ewe lambs, which you have placed by themselves?" | כטוַיֹּ֥×מֶר ×ֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ ×ֶל־×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö‘× ×žÖ¸Ö£×” ×”ÖµÖ—× Ö¸Ö¼×” שֶ×֤בַע כְּבָשׂת֙ ×”Ö¸×ֵ֔לֶּה ×ֲשֶ×֥ר הִצַּ֖בְתָּ ×œÖ°×‘Ö·×“Ö¸Ö¼Ö½× Ö¸×”: | |
30And he said, "For these seven ewe lambs you shall take from my hand, in order that it be to me for a witness that I dug this well." | לוַיֹּ֕×מֶר ×›Ö´Ö¼Öš×™ ×ֶת־שֶ×֣בַע כְּבָשׂ֔ת תִּקַּ֖ח מִיָּדִ֑י בַּֽעֲבוּר֙ תִּֽהְיֶה־לִּ֣י לְעֵדָ֔ה ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö¥×™ חָפַ֖רְתִּי ×ֶת־הַבְּ×ֵ֥ר ×”Ö·×–Ö¹Ö¼Ö½×ת: | |
in order that it be to me: [In order that] this [be for me]. | בעבור תהיה לי: ×–×ת: | |
for a witness: Heb. לְעֵדָה, an expression of testimony in the feminine form, like (below 31:52):“and the monument is a witness (וְעֵדָה).” | לעדה: לשון עדות של × ×§×‘×”, כמו (להלן ×œ× × ×‘) ועדה המצבה: | |
that I dug this well: Abimelech’s shepherds were contending about it and saying,“ We dug it.” They agreed among themselves that whoever would appear beside the well and the water would rise toward him-it [the well] was his. And they [the waters] rose toward Abraham. | ×›×™ חפרתי ×ת הב×ר: ×ž×¨×™×‘×™× ×”×™×• עליה רועי ×בימלך ו××•×ž×¨×™× ×× ×—× ×• ×—×¤×¨× ×•×”, ×מרו ×‘×™× ×™×”× ×›×œ מי שיתר××” על הב×ר ויעלו ×”×ž×™× ×œ×§×¨×תו שלו הו×, ועלו לקר×ת ×ברה×: | |
31Therefore, he named that place Beer sheba, for there they both swore. | ל×עַל־כֵּ֗ן ×§Ö¸×¨Ö¸Ö›× ×œÖ·×žÖ¸Ö¼×§Ö¥×•Ö¹× ×”Ö·×”Ö–×•Ö¼× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×ֵ֣ר שָ×֑בַע ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö›×™ שָ×Ö¥× × Ö´×©Ö°×בְּע֖וּ שְ×× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö½×: | |
32And they formed a covenant in Beer-sheba, and Abimelech and Phicol his general arose, and they returned to the land of the Philistines. | לבוַיִּכְרְת֥וּ בְרִ֖ית בִּבְ×ֵ֣ר שָ×֑בַע ×•Ö·×™Ö¸Ö¼Ö£×§Ö¸× ×ֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ וּפִיכֹל֙ שַׂר־צְבָ×֔וֹ וַיָּשֻ×֖בוּ ×ֶל־×ֶ֥רֶץ פְּלִשְ×תִּֽי×: | |
33And he planted an eishel in Beer-Sheba, and he called there in the name of the Lord, the God of the world. | לגוַיִּטַּ֥ע ×ֵ֖שֶ×ל בִּבְ×ֵ֣ר שָ×֑בַע וַיִּ֨קְרָ×־שָ×Ö”× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×©Öµ×Ö¥× ×™Ö°×”Ö¹×•Ö¸Ö–×” ×ֵ֥ל עוֹלָֽ×: | |
an eishel: Heb. ×ֵשֶ×ל [There is a dispute between] Rav and Samuel. One says that it was an orchard from which to bring fruits for the guests at the meal, and one says that it was an inn for lodging, in which there were all sorts of fruits. We find the expression of planting (× Ö°×˜Ö´×™×¢Ö¸×”) used in conjunction with tents, as it is written (Dan. 11:45):“And he will pitch (וְיִטַע) his palatial tents.” - [from Sotah 10a, Gen. Rabbah 54:6] | ×של: רב ושמו×ל, חד ×מר פרדס ×œ×”×‘×™× ×ž×ž× ×• פירות ל××•×¨×—×™× ×‘×¡×¢×•×“×”, וחד ×מר ×¤×•× ×“×§ ל××›×¡× ×™× ×•×‘×• כל ×ž×™× ×™ פירות. ×•×ž×¦×™× ×• לשון × ×˜×™×¢×” ב×הלי×, ×©× ×מר (×“× ×™×ל ×™× ×ž×”) ויטע ×הלי ××¤×“× ×•: | |
and he called there, etc: By means of that “eishel” , the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, was called “God of the whole world.” After they would eat and drink, he would say to them, “Bless the One of Whose [food] you have eaten. Do you think that you have eaten of my [food]? [You have eaten of the food] of the One Who spoke and the world came into being!” - [from Sotah 10a, Gen. Rabbah 54:6] | ×•×™×§×¨× ×©× ×•×’×•': על ידי ×ותו ×של × ×§×¨× ×©×ž×• של הקב"×” ×לוה לכל העול×. ל×חר ש××•×›×œ×™× ×•×©×•×ª×™× ×ומר ×œ×”× ×‘×¨×›×• למי ש××›×œ×ª× ×ž×©×œ×•, ×¡×‘×•×¨×™× ××ª× ×©×ž×©×œ×™ ×כלת×, משל מי ש×מר והיה ×”×¢×•×œ× ×כלת×: | |
34And Abraham dwelt in the land of the Philistines for many days. | לדוַיָּ֧גָר ×Ö·×‘Ö°×¨Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö›× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×ֶ֥רֶץ פְּלִשְ××ªÖ´Ö¼Ö–×™× ×™Ö¸×žÖ´Ö¥×™× ×¨Ö·×‘Ö´Ö¼Ö½×™×: | |
for many days: more than those in Hebron. In Hebron he spent twenty-five years, and here twenty-six. For he was seventy-five years old when he left Haran. That year, (above 13:18): “and he came, and he dwelt in the plain of Mamre [in Hebron].” For we do not find prior to this that he settled anywhere but there, for everywhere, he was a wayfarer, camping and continually traveling, as it is stated (ibid. 12:6): “And Abram passed” ; (ibid. verse 8): “And he moved from there” ; (ibid. verse 10): “And there was a famine in the land, and Abram descended to Egypt.” In Egypt he spent only three months, because Pharaoh sent him away. Immediately, (ibid. 13:3): “And he went on his journeys” until (ibid. verse 18): “and he came, and he dwelt in the plain of Mamre, which is in Hebron.” There he dwelt until Sodom was overturned. Immediately, (ibid. 20:1): “Abraham traveled from there,” because of the disgrace caused by Lot, and he came to the land of the Philistines. He was ninety-nine years old, for on the third day of his circumcision, the angels came to him. This totals twenty-five years [from the year he left his father’s house and settled in Hebron until he came to the land of the Philistines]. It is written here [that he lived in the land of the Philistines]“many days” [meaning] more than the preceding [days in Hebron]. Scripture does not come to obscure but to clarify, for if they [the days in the land of the Philistines] exceeded [the days in Hebron] by two years or more, it would have stated so plainly. You must conclude that they did not exceed them by more than one year, hence twenty-six years [in the land of the Philistines]. He immediately left there and returned to Hebron, and that year preceded the binding of Isaac by twelve years. So it is explained in Seder Olam (ch. 1). | ×™×ž×™× ×¨×‘×™×: ×ž×¨×•×‘×™× ×¢×œ של חברון, בחברון עשה ×¢×©×¨×™× ×•×—×ž×© ×©× ×” וכ×ן ×¢×©×¨×™× ×•×©×©. שהרי בן ×©×‘×¢×™× ×•×—×ž×© ×©× ×” ×”×™×” בצ×תו מחרן, ×ותה ×©× ×” (לעיל ×™×’ ×™×—) ×•×™×‘× ×•×™×©×‘ ב××œ×•× ×™ ממר×, ×©×œ× ×ž×¦×™× ×• ×§×•×“× ×œ×›×Ÿ ×©× ×ª×™×™×©×‘ ××œ× ×©×, שבכל מקומותיו ×”×™×” ×›×ורח ×—×•× ×” ×•× ×•×¡×¢ והולך, ×©× ×מר (×©× ×™×‘ ו) ויעבור ×בר×, (×©× ×—) ויעתק מש×, (×©× ×™) ויהי רעב ב×רץ, וירד ××‘×¨× ×ž×¦×¨×™×ž×”, ×•×‘×ž×¦×¨×™× ×œ× ×¢×©×” ××œ× ×©×œ×©×” ×—×“×©×™× ×©×”×¨×™ שלחו פרעה, מיד (×©× ×™×’ ×’) וילך למסעיו, עד (לעיל ×™×’ ×™×—) ×•×™×‘× ×•×™×©×‘ ב××œ×•× ×™ ×ž×ž×¨× ×שר בחברון, ×©× ×™×©×‘ עד ×©× ×”×¤×›×” סדו×, מיד (×©× ×› ×) ויסע ×ž×©× ××‘×¨×”× ×ž×¤× ×™ בושה של לוט ×•×‘× ×œ×רץ פלשתי×, ובן ×ª×©×¢×™× ×•×ª×©×¢ ×©× ×” ×”×™×”, שהרי בשלישי למילתו ב×ו ×צלו המל××›×™×, הרי ×¢×©×¨×™× ×•×—×ž×© ×©× ×” וכ×ן כתיב ×™×ž×™× ×¨×‘×™×, ×ž×¨×•×‘×™× ×¢×œ הר××©×•× ×™×, ×•×œ× ×‘× ×”×›×ª×•×‘ ×œ×¡×ª×•× ××œ× ×œ×¤×¨×©, ו×× ×”×™×• ×ž×¨×•×‘×™× ×¢×œ×™×”× ×©×ª×™ ×©× ×™× ×ו יותר ×”×™×” מפרש×, ועל כרחך ××™× × ×™×ª×™×¨×™× ×™×•×ª×¨ ×ž×©× ×” הרי ×¢×©×¨×™× ×•×©×© ×©× ×”, מיד ×™×¦× ×ž×©× ×•×—×–×¨ לחברון, ו×ותה ×©× ×” קדמה ×œ×¤× ×™ עקידתו של יצחק ×©×ª×™× ×¢×©×¨×” ×©× ×™×, כך ×©× ×•×™×” בסדר ×¢×•×œ× (פרק ×): |