Torah Reading for Matot-Massei
In Israel: Massei
Parshat Matot-Massei
Shabbat, 2 Av, 5779
3 August, 2019
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7th Portion: (Numbers 35:9 - 36:13)
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Numbers Chapter 35
9The Lord spoke to Moses saying: | טוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה ×ֶל־משֶ×Ö¥×” לֵּ×מֹֽר: | |
10Speak to the children of Israel and say to them, When you cross the Jordan to the land of Canaan, | ידַּבֵּר֙ ×Ö¶×œÖ¾×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ£×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵ֔ל וְ×ָֽמַרְתָּ֖ ×Ö²×œÖµ×”Ö¶Ö‘× ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö¥×™ ×Ö·×ªÖ¶Ö¼Ö›× ×¢Ö¹Ö½×‘Ö°×¨Ö´Ö¥×™× ×ֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן ×ַ֥רְצָה ×›Ö°Ö¼× Ö¸Ö½×¢Ö·×Ÿ: | |
11you shall designate cities for yourselves; they shall be cities of refuge for you, and a murderer who killed a person unintentionally shall flee there. | ×™××•Ö°×”Ö´×§Ö°×¨Ö´×™×ªÖ¶Ö¤× ×œÖ¸×›Ö¶×Ö™ ×¢Ö¸×¨Ö´Ö”×™× ×¢Ö¸×¨ÖµÖ¥×™ מִקְלָ֖ט ×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö£×™× Ö¸×” ×œÖ¸×›Ö¶Ö‘× ×•Ö°× Ö¸Ö¥×¡ שָ×֨מָּה֙ רֹצֵ֔חַ ×žÖ·×›ÖµÖ¼×”Ö¾× Ö¶Ö–×¤Ö¶×©× ×‘Ö´Ö¼×©Ö°×גָגָֽה: | |
you shall designate: [The expression] הַקְרָיָה can mean only preparation, as it says,“Because the Lord, your God, prepared it (הִקְרָה) before me” (Gen. 27:20) - [Sifrei Massei 3, Targum Onkelos]. | והקרית×: ×ין הקרייה ××œ× ×œ×©×•×Ÿ ×”×–×ž× ×” וכן ×”×•× ×ומר (בר×שית ×›×–, ×›) ×›×™ הקרה ×”' ×להיך ×œ×¤× ×™: | |
12These cities shall serve you as a refuge from an avenger, so that the murderer shall not die until he stands in judgment before the congregation. | יבוְהָי֨וּ ×œÖ¸×›Ö¶Ö§× ×”Ö¶Ö½×¢Ö¸×¨Ö´Ö›×™× ×œÖ°×žÖ´×§Ö°×œÖ¸Ö–×˜ מִגֹּ×ֵ֑ל ×•Ö°×œÖ¹Ö¤× ×™Ö¸×ž×•Ö¼×ªÖ™ הָֽרֹצֵ֔חַ עַד־עָמְד֛וֹ ×œÖ´×¤Ö°× ÖµÖ¥×™ הָֽעֵדָ֖ה לַמִּשְ×פָּֽט: | |
from an avenger: From the avenger of the blood, a kinsman of the murder victim. — [Mak. 12a] | מג×ל: ×ž×¤× ×™ גו×ל ×”×“× ×©×”×•× ×§×¨×•×‘ ×œ× ×¨×¦×—: | |
13The cities that you provide shall serve as six cities of refuge for you. | ×™×’×•Ö°×”Ö¶Ö½×¢Ö¸×¨Ö´Ö–×™× ×ֲשֶ×֣ר ×ªÖ´Ö¼×ªÖµÖ¼Ö‘× ×•Ö¼ שֵֽ×ש×־עָרֵ֥י מִקְלָ֖ט ×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö¥×™× Ö¸×” לָכֶֽ×: | |
six cities of refuge: [This] informs [us] that even though Moses designated three cities across the Jordan during his lifetime, they did not provide refuge until the three provided by Joshua in the land of Canaan were designated. — [Sifrei Massei 8, Mak. 9a] | שש ערי מקלט: מגיד ש××¢"פ שהבדיל משה בחייו שלש ×¢×¨×™× ×‘×¢×‘×¨ הירדן, ×œ× ×”×™×• קולטות עד ×©× ×‘×—×¨×• שלש ×©× ×ª×Ÿ יהושע ב×רץ ×›× ×¢×Ÿ: | |
14You shall provide the three cities in trans Jordan and the three cities in the land of Canaan; they shall be cities of refuge. | יד×ֵ֣ת | שְ××œÖ£×©× ×”Ö¶Ö½×¢Ö¸×¨Ö´Ö—×™× ×ªÖ´Ö¼×ªÖ°Ö¼× ×•Ö¼Ö™ מֵעֵ֣בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וְ×ֵת֙ שְ××œÖ£×©× ×”Ö¶Ö½×¢Ö¸×¨Ö´Ö”×™× ×ªÖ´Ö¼×ªÖ°Ö¼× Ö–×•Ö¼ בְּ×ֶ֣רֶץ ×›Ö°Ö¼× Ö¸Ö‘×¢Ö·×Ÿ עָרֵ֥י מִקְלָ֖ט ×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö½×™× Ö¸×”: | |
the three cities: Although there were nine tribes in the land of Canaan, and here [across the Jordan] there were only two-and-a-half, He equalized the number of their refuge cities, because Gilead had many murderers, as it says,“Gilead, a city of workers of violence, who lurk to shed blood” (Hos. 6: 8). - [Mak. 10a, Sifrei Massei 6] | ×ת שלש ×”×¢×¨×™× ×•×’×•': ××£ על פי שב×רץ ×›× ×¢×Ÿ תשעה ×©×‘×˜×™× ×•×›×ן ××™× ×Ÿ ××œ× ×©× ×™× ×•×—×¦×™, השוה ×ž× ×™×Ÿ ערי מקלט ×©×œ×”× ×ž×©×•× ×“×‘×’×œ×¢×“ × ×¤×™×©×™ רוצחי×, דכתיב (הושע ו, ×—) גלעד קרית פועלי ×ון עקובה מד×: | |
15These six cities shall be a refuge for the children of Israel and for the proselyte and resident among them, so that anyone who unintentionally kills a person can flee there. | ×˜×•×œÖ´×‘Ö°× ÖµÖ£×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵ֗ל וְלַגֵּ֤ר וְלַתּוֹשָ×ב֙ ×‘Ö°Ö¼×ª×•Ö¹×›Ö¸Ö”× ×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö›×™× Ö¸×” שֵֽ×ש×Ö¾×”Ö¶Ö½×¢Ö¸×¨Ö´Ö¥×™× ×”Ö¸×ֵ֖לֶּה לְמִקְלָ֑ט ×œÖ¸× Ö£×•Ö¼×¡ שָ×֔מָּה ×›Ö¸Ö¼×œÖ¾×žÖ·×›ÖµÖ¼×”Ö¾× Ö¶Ö–×¤Ö¶×©× ×‘Ö´Ö¼×©Ö°×גָגָֽה: | |
16If he struck him with an iron instrument and he dies, he is a murderer, and the murderer shall be put to death. | טזוְ×Ö´×־בִּכְלִ֨י בַרְזֶ֧ל | הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַ ×”Ö‘×•Ö¼× ×žÖ¥×•Ö¹×ª יוּמַ֖ת הָֽרֹצֵֽחַ: | |
If he struck him with an iron instrument: This does not refer to accidental manslaughter discussed nearby, but to premeditated murder, and it teaches us that the implement of murder has to be big enough to cause death, for regarding all the [other] cases it says, ×ֲשֶ×ר יָמוּת בָּה, “which is deadly,” and the Targum [Onkelos] renders, “of a size capable of causing death,” except in the case of iron, since it is evident and known to the Holy One, blessed is He, that a small piece of iron can kill, even a needle (Sifrei Massei 6, Sanh. 76b). That is why [in the case of iron] the Torah did not specify a size and write “which is deadly.” If you say that Scripture refers to one who murders unintentionally, [this cannot be because], below it says, “or, with any stone which is deadly, and without seeing [his victim]…” (verse 23). This shows that in the cases mentioned before it, Scripture speaks of one who murders with intent. | ו×× ×‘×›×œ×™ ברזל הכהו: ×ין ×–×” מדבר בהורג בשוגג הסמוך לו, ××œ× ×‘×”×•×¨×’ במזיד. ×•×‘× ×œ×œ×ž×“, שההורג בכל דבר צריך ×©×™×”× ×‘×• שיעור כדי להמית, ×©× ×מר ×‘×›×•×œ× ×שר ימות בו, ×“×ž×ª×¨×’×ž×™× ×Ÿ ×“×”×™× ×›×ž×¡×ª דימות ביה, חוץ מן הברזל, שגלוי וידוע ×œ×¤× ×™ הקב"×” שהברזל ממית בכל ×©×”×•× ×פילו מחט, לפיכך ×œ× × ×ª× ×” בו תורה שיעור לכתוב בו ×שר ימות בו. ו×× ×ª×מר בהורג בשוגג הכתוב מדבר, הרי ×”×•× ×ומר למטה ×ו בכל ×בן ×שר ימות בה ×‘×œ× ×¨×ות וגו', למד על ×”××ž×•×¨×™× ×œ×ž×¢×œ×” שבהורג במזיד הכתוב מדבר: | |
17If he struck him with a fist sized stone which is deadly, and he dies, he is a murderer, and the murderer shall be put to death. | יזוְ×Ö´Ö¡× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×ֶ֣בֶן יָד֩ ×ֲשֶ×ר־יָמ֨וּת בָּ֥הּ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַ ×”Ö‘×•Ö¼× ×žÖ¥×•Ö¹×ª יוּמַ֖ת הָֽרֹצֵֽחַ: | |
with a fist-sized stone: [A stone] large enough to fill a hand. — [Onkelos] | ב×בן יד: שיש בה ×ž×œ× ×™×“: | |
which is deadly: Which is large enough to cause death, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders. Since it [Scripture] says, “If one of them strikes the other with a stone” (Exod. 21:18), but it does not specify a size, I might think any size? Therefore it says, “which is deadly” - [Sifrei Massei 10] | ×שר ימות בה: שיש בה שיעור להמית, כתרגומו. לפי ×©× ×מר (שמות ×›×, ×™×—) והכה ×יש ×ת רעהו ב×בן, ×•×œ× × ×ª×Ÿ בה שיעור, יכול כל שהו×, לכך × ×מר ×שר ימות בה: | |
18Or with a fist sized wooden instrument which is deadly,and he dies, he is a murderer, and the murderer shall be put to death. | ×™×—×֡וֹ בִּכְלִ֣י עֵץ־יָד֩ ×ֲשֶ×ר־יָמ֨וּת בּ֥וֹ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַ ×”Ö‘×•Ö¼× ×žÖ¥×•Ö¹×ª יוּמַ֖ת הָֽרֹצֵֽחַ: | |
or with a fist-sized wooden instrument: Since it says, “If a man strikes his manservant or his maidservant with a rod” (Exod. 21:20), I might think any size? That is why with regard to wood it says,“which is deadly”-it must be a size capable of causing death. — [Sifrei Massei 11] | ×ו בכלי ×¢×¥ יד: לפי ×©× ×מר (שמות ×›×, ×›) וכי ×™×›×” ×יש ×ת עבדו ×ו ×ת ×מתו בשבט, יכול כל שהו×, לכך × ×מר בעץ ×שר ימות בו, ×©×™×”× ×‘×• כדי להמית: | |
19The blood avenger shall kill the murderer; he may kill him when he meets him. | יטגֹּ×ֵ֣ל ×”Ö·×“Ö¸Ö¼Ö”× ×”Ö¥×•Ö¼× ×™Ö¸×žÖ´Ö–×™×ª ×ֶת־הָֽרֹצֵ֑חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ ×”Ö¥×•Ö¼× ×™Ö°×žÖ´×ªÖ¶Ö½× Ö¼×•Ö¼: | |
when he meets him: Even in the cities of refuge. | בפגעו בו: ×פילו בתוך ערי מקלט: | |
20If, out of hatred, he pushed him, or threw something at him with premeditation, and he died, | כוְ×Ö´×Ö¾×‘Ö°Ö¼×©Ö´×‚× Ö°×Ö¸Ö–×” ×™Ö¶×”Ö°×“Ö³Ö¼×¤Ö¶Ö‘× Ö¼×•Ö¼ ×ֽוֹ־הִשְ×לִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו בִּצְדִיָּ֖ה וַיָּמֹֽת: | |
with premeditation: As the Targum [Onkelos] renders, ×‘Ö°Ö¼×›Ö·×žÖ°× Ö¸×, with ambush. | בצדיה: כתרגומו ×‘×›×ž× × ×‘×ž×רב: | |
21or if he maliciously struck him with his hand and he died, the assailant shall be put to death; he is a murderer; the blood avenger may kill the murderer when he meets him. | ×›××֣וֹ בְ×ֵיבָ֞ה הִכָּ֤הוּ בְיָדוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת מֽוֹת־יוּמַ֥ת הַמַּכֶּ֖ה רֹצֵ֣חַ ×”Ö‘×•Ö¼× ×’Ö¹Ö¼×ֵ֣ל ×”Ö·×“Ö¸Ö¼Ö—× ×™Ö¸×žÖ´Ö›×™×ª ×ֶת־הָֽרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־בֽוֹ: | |
22But if he pushed him accidentally, without malice, or threw an object at him without premeditation, | כבוְ×Ö´×־בְּפֶ֥תַע בְּלֹֽ×Ö¾×ֵיבָ֖ה הֲדָפ֑וֹ ×ֽוֹ־הִשְ×לִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו כָּל־כְּלִ֖י ×‘Ö°Ö¼×œÖ¹Ö¥× ×¦Ö°×“Ö´×™Ö¸Ö¼Ö½×”: | |
accidentally: Heb. בְּפֶתַע, by accident, but the Targum renders בִּתְכֵף, “suddenly,” [meaning] that he was next to him and he had no time to take precautions against [killing] him. | בפתע: ב××•× ×¡. ותרגומו בתכיף שהיה סמוך לו, ×•×œ× ×”×™×” לו שהות להזהר עליו: | |
23or, with any stone which is deadly, and without seeing [his victim] he threw it down at him and it killed him, but he was not his enemy and bore him no malice | ×›×’×֣וֹ בְכָל־×ֶ֜בֶן ×ֲשֶ×ר־יָמ֥וּת בָּהּ֙ ×‘Ö°Ö¼×œÖ¹Ö£× ×¨Ö°×֔וֹת וַיַּפֵּ֥ל עָלָ֖יו וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהוּ×Ö™ לֹֽ×Ö¾×וֹיֵ֣ב ל֔וֹ ×•Ö°×œÖ¹Ö¥× ×žÖ°×‘Ö·×§ÖµÖ¼Ö–×©× ×¨Ö¸Ö½×¢Ö¸×ªÖ½×•Ö¹: | |
or, with any stone which is deadly: he struck him. | ×ו בכל ×בן ×שר ימות בה: הכהו: | |
without seeing: He did not see him [while striking him]. | ×‘×œ× ×¨×ות: ×©×œ× ×¨×הו: | |
he threw it down at him: From here they said that the one who kills by way of a falling action is exiled, but if [he kills] by means of an upward action is not exiled. — [Mak. 7b] | ויפל עליו: מכ×ן ×מרו ההורג דרך ירידה גולה, דרך עלייה ××™× ×• גולה: | |
24Then the congregation shall judge between the assailant and the blood avenger, on the basis of these judgments. | כדוְשָֽ×פְטוּ֙ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה בֵּ֚ין הַמַּכֶּ֔ה וּבֵ֖ין ×’Ö¹Ö¼×ֵ֣ל ×”Ö·×“Ö¸Ö¼Ö‘× ×¢Ö·Ö¥×œ הַמִּשְ××¤Ö¸Ö¼×˜Ö´Ö–×™× ×”Ö¸×ֵֽלֶּה: | |
25The congregation shall protect the murderer from the hand of the blood avenger, and the congregation shall return him to the city of refuge to which he had fled, and he shall remain there until the Kohen Gadol, who anointed him with the sacred oil, dies. | כהוְהִצִּ֨ילוּ הָֽעֵדָ֜ה ×ֶת־הָֽרֹצֵ֗חַ מִיַּד֘ ×’Ö¹Ö¼×ֵ֣ל הַדָּ×Ö’ וְהֵשִ×֤יבוּ ×ֹתוֹ֙ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה ×ֶל־עִ֥יר מִקְלָט֖וֹ ×ֲשֶ××¨Ö¾× Ö¸Ö£×¡ שָ×֑מָּה וְיָ֣שַ×ב בָּ֗הּ עַד־מוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֔ל ×ֲשֶ×ר־מָשַ×Ö¥×— ×ֹת֖וֹ בְּשֶ×֥מֶן הַקֹּֽדֶש×: | |
until the kohen gadol… dies: For he causes the Divine Presence to rest upon Israel and thus prolong their lives, whereas the murderer causes the Divine Presence to withdraw from Israel and thus shorten their lives. He is not worthy of standing before the Kohen Gadol [Sifrei Massei 20]. Another interpretation: Because the Kohen Gadol should have prayed that such a misfortune should not befall Israel during his lifetime [Mak. 11a]. | עד מות הכהן הגדול: ×©×”×•× ×‘× ×œ×”×©×¨×•×ª ×©×›×™× ×” בישר×ל ולה×ריך ימיה×, והרוצח ×‘× ×œ×¡×œ×§ ×ת ×”×©×›×™× ×” מישר×ל ומקצר ×ת ימי ×”×—×™×™×. ××™× ×• כד××™ ×©×™×”× ×œ×¤× ×™ כהן גדול. דבר ×חר לפי שהיה לו לכהן גדול להתפלל ×©×œ× ×ª×רע תקלה זו לישר×ל בחייו: | |
who anointed him with the sacred oil: According to the literal meaning, this is one of the elliptical verses [in Scripture], as it does not reveal who anointed him; thus, it is like saying, “who was anointed by the one who anointed him with the sacred oil.” Our Rabbis expounded it in Tractate Makkoth (11b) as a verification of the law, to teach that if before sentence was passed, the Kohen Gadol died and they appointed another one in his stead, and afterwards sentence was passed, he [the murderer] can return home only after the second one has died, as it says, “who anointed him.” Did he anoint the kohen, or did the kohen anoint him? However, this includes the [case of a high kohen who was] anointed in his days [and thus, it is as if he had anointed the Kohen Gadol, so to speak], that he frees him through his death. | ×שר משח ×ותו בשמן הקדש: לפי פשוטו מן המקר×ות ×”×§×¦×¨×™× ×”×•×, ×©×œ× ×¤×™×¨×© מי משחו, ××œ× ×›×ž×• ×שר משחו המושח ×ותו בשמן הקדש. ×•×¨×‘×•×ª×™× ×• דרשוהו במסכת מכות (×™× ×‘) לר×יית דבר, ללמד ש×× ×¢×“ ×©×œ× × ×’×ž×¨ ×“×™× ×• מת כהן גדול ×•×ž× ×• ×חר תחתיו ול×חר מכ×ן × ×’×ž×¨ ×“×™× ×•, חוזר במיתתו של ×©× ×™, ×©× ×מר ×שר משח ×ותו, וכי ×”×•× ×ž×©×—×• לכהן ×ו הכהן משח ×ותו, ××œ× ×œ×”×‘×™× ×ת ×”× ×ž×©×— בימיו שמחזירו במיתתו: | |
26But if the murderer goes beyond the border of the city of refuge to which he had fled, | כווְ×Ö´×Ö¾×™Ö¸×¦Ö¹Ö¥× ×™Öµ×¦ÖµÖ–× ×”Ö¸Ö½×¨Ö¹×¦ÖµÖ‘×—Ö· ×ֶת־גְּבוּל֙ עִ֣יר מִקְלָט֔וֹ ×ֲשֶ×֥ר ×™Ö¸× Ö–×•Ö¼×¡ שָֽ×מָּה: | |
27and the blood avenger finds him outside the limits of his city of refuge, and the blood avenger slays the murderer, he has no blood. | ×›×–×•Ö¼×žÖ¸×¦Ö¸Ö¤× ×ֹתוֹ֙ ×’Ö¹Ö¼×ֵ֣ל ×”Ö·×“Ö¸Ö¼Ö”× ×žÖ´×—Ö•×•Ö¼×¥ לִגְב֖וּל עִ֣יר מִקְלָט֑וֹ וְרָצַ֞ח ×’Ö¹Ö¼×ֵ֤ל הַדָּ×Ö™ ×ֶת־הָ֣רֹצֵ֔חַ ×ֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ דָּֽ×: | |
he has no blood: He is like one who kills a dead person, who has no blood. | ×ין לו ד×: הרי ×”×•× ×›×”×•×¨×’ ×ת המת ש×ין לו ד×: | |
28For he shall remain in his city of refuge until the Kohen Gadol dies, and only after the Kohen Gadol has died, may the murderer return to the land which is his possession. | ×›×—×›Ö´Ö¼Ö£×™ בְעִ֤יר מִקְלָטוֹ֙ יֵשֵ×֔ב עַד־מ֖וֹת הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֑ל וְ×ַֽחֲרֵי־מוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֔ל יָש×וּב֙ הָֽרֹצֵ֔חַ ×ֶל־×ֶ֖רֶץ ×ֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ: | |
29These shall be for you a statute of justice for all your generations, in all your dwelling places. | כטוְהָי֨וּ ×ֵ֧לֶּה ×œÖ¸×›Ö¶Ö›× ×œÖ°×—Ö»×§Ö·Ö¼Ö¥×ª מִשְ×פָּ֖ט ×œÖ°×“Ö¹×¨Ö¹Ö½×ªÖµ×™×›Ö¶Ö‘× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×›Ö¹Ö–×œ מֽוֹשְ×בֹֽתֵיכֶֽ×: | |
in all your dwelling places: This teaches that the minor Sanhedrin functions outside the Land as long as there is one functioning in the Land of Israel [namely, while the Temple stood]. — [Mak. 7a, Sifrei Massei 25] | בכל מושבתיכ×: למד ×©×ª×”× ×¡× ×”×“×¨×™×Ÿ ×§×˜× ×” × ×•×”×’×ª בחוצה ל×רץ כל זמן ×©× ×•×”×’×ª ב×רץ ישר×ל: | |
30Whoever [namely the blood avenger] kills a person, based on the testimony of witnesses, he shall slay the murderer. A single witness may not testify against a person so that he should die. | ×œ×›Ö¸Ö¼×œÖ¾×žÖ·Ö¨×›ÖµÖ¼×”Ö¾× Ö¶Ö”×¤Ö¶×©× ×œÖ°×¤Ö´Ö£×™ ×¢Öµ×“Ö´Ö”×™× ×™Ö´×¨Ö°×¦Ö·Ö–×— ×ֶת־הָֽרֹצֵ֑חַ וְעֵ֣ד ×ֶחָ֔ד לֹ×Ö¾×™Ö·Ö½×¢Ö²× Ö¶Ö¥×” ×‘Ö°× Ö¶Ö–×¤Ö¶×©× ×œÖ¸×žÖ½×•Ö¼×ª: | |
Whoever kills a person…: The one who comes to kill him because he murdered someone. | כל מכה × ×¤×© וגו': ×”×‘× ×œ×”×¨×’×• על שהכה ×ת ×”× ×¤×©: | |
based on the testimony of witnesses: who testify that he murdered him intentionally, after he had been forewarned. [I.e., the blood avenger may not slay the murderer unless there are witnesses that he committed the murder.]- [Sifrei Massei 26] | לפי ×¢×“×™× ×™×¨×¦×—: שיעידו שבמזיד ובהתר××” הרגו: | |
31You shall not accept ransom for the life of a murderer, who is guilty of death, for he shall be put to death. | ל×וְלֹֽ×־תִקְח֥וּ כֹ֨פֶר֙ ×œÖ°× Ö¶Ö£×¤Ö¶×©× ×¨Ö¹×¦ÖµÖ”×—Ö· ×ֲשֶ××¨Ö¾×”Ö¥×•Ö¼× ×¨Ö¸×©Ö¸×Ö–×¢ לָמ֑וּת כִּי־מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת: | |
You shall not accept ransom: He cannot be acquitted in exchange for payment. — [Keth. 37b] | ×•×œ× ×ª×§×—×• כפר: ×œ× ×™×¤×˜×¨ בממון: | |
32You shall not accept ransom for one who has fled to his city of refuge, to allow him to return to live in the Land, before the kohen has died. | לבוְלֹֽ×־תִקְח֣וּ כֹ֔פֶר ×œÖ¸× Ö–×•Ö¼×¡ ×ֶל־עִ֣יר מִקְלָט֑וֹ לָש×וּב֙ לָשֶ×֣בֶת בָּ×ָ֔רֶץ עַד־מ֖וֹת הַכֹּהֵֽן: | |
You shall not accept ransom for the one who has fled to his city of refuge: One who has fled to a city of refuge after he killed someone unintentionally cannot absolve himself from exile through payment by giving a ransom so that he can return to dwell in the Land before the kohen dies. — [Keth. 37b] | ×•×œ× ×ª×§×—×• כפר ×œ× ×•×¡ ×ל עיר מקלטו: למי ×©× ×¡ ×ל עיר מקלטו שהרג בשוגג ××™× ×• × ×¤×˜×¨ מגלות בממון ליתן כופר לשוב לשבת ב×רץ ×‘×˜×¨× ×™×ž×•×ª הכהן: | |
has fled: Heb. ×œÖ¸× ×•Ö¼×¡, is equivalent to ×œÖ°× Ö¸×¡, “for the one who has fled.” Similarly,“those who returned (ש×וּבֵי) from the war” (Mich. 2:8). Similarly,“Those who are removed (× ×•Ö¼×’Öµ×™) from the appointed season” (Zeph. 3:18);“for [all the people…] were circumcised (מֻלִי×)” (Josh. 5:5). Just as you say ש×וּב in reference to one who has already returned, and מוּל regarding one who is already circumcised, so will you say ×œÖ¸× ×•Ö¼×¡ for one who has already fled. He is called × ×•Ö¼×¡, that is to say, ‘an escapee.’ If you say that ×œÖ¸× ×•Ö¼×¡ means ‘to flee,’ and explain it thus: You shall not accept ransom for who must flee, in order to absolve him from exile, then I do not know how it can say,“to return to live in the Land” for if he has not yet fled, from where should he return? | ×œ× ×•×¡: כמו ×œ× ×¡, כמו (מיכה ב, ×—) שובי מלחמה, ששבו מן המלחמה, וכן (×¦×¤× ×™×” ×’, ×™×—) × ×•×’×™ ממועד, וכן (יהושע ×”, ×”) ×›×™ ×ž×•×œ×™× ×”×™×•, ×›×שר ת×מר שוב על מי ששב כבר, ומול על מי שמל כבר, כן ת×מר ×œ× ×•×¡ על מי ×©× ×¡ כבר, וקורהו × ×•×¡ כלומר מוברח. ו×× ×ª×מר ×œ× ×•×¡ לברוח, ותפרשהו ×œ× ×ª×§×—×• כופר למי שיש לו לברוח לפטרו מן הגלות, ×œ× ×™×“×¢×ª×™ ×”×™×ך ×™×מר לשוב לשבת ב×רץ, הרי עדיין ×œ× × ×¡ ומהיכן ישוב: | |
33And you shall not corrupt the land in which you live, for the blood corrupts the land, and the blood which is shed in the land cannot be atoned for except through the blood of the one who shed it. | לגוְלֹ×Ö¾×ªÖ·Ö½×—Ö²× Ö´Ö£×™×¤×•Ö¼ ×ֶת־הָ×ָ֗רֶץ ×ֲשֶ×֤ר ×ַתֶּ×Ö™ בָּ֔הּ ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö£×™ ×”Ö·×“Ö¸Ö¼Ö”× ×”Ö¥×•Ö¼× ×™Ö·Ö½×—Ö²× Ö´Ö–×™×£ ×ֶת־הָ×ָ֑רֶץ וְלָ×ָ֣רֶץ לֹֽ×־יְכֻפַּ֗ר לַדָּ×Ö™ ×ֲשֶ×֣ר שֻ×פַּךְ־בָּ֔הּ ×›Ö´Ö¼×™Ö¾×Ö´Ö–× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×“Ö·Ö¥× ×©Ö¹Ö½×פְכֽוֹ: | |
And you shall not corrupt: Heb. ולֹ×-×ªÖ·×—Ö²× Ö´×™×¤×•Ö¼, you shall not cause it to be wicked, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders, ×œÖ¹× ×ªÖ°×—Ö·×™Ö°×‘×•Ö¼×Ÿ, you shall not make sinful." | ×•×œ× ×ª×—× ×™×¤×•: ×•×œ× ×ª×¨×©×™×¢×•, כתרגומו ×•×œ× ×ª×—×™×™×‘×•×Ÿ: | |
34And you shall not defile the land where you reside, in which I dwell, for I am the Lord Who dwells among the children of Israel. | ×œ×“×•Ö°×œÖ¹Ö§× ×ªÖ°×˜Ö·×žÖµÖ¼Ö£× ×ֶת־הָ×ָ֗רֶץ ×ֲשֶ×֤ר ×ַתֶּ×Ö™ יֽשְ××‘Ö´Ö£×™× ×‘Ö¸Ö¼Ö”×”Ö¼ ×ֲשֶ×֥ר ×Ö²× Ö´Ö–×™ שֹ×כֵ֣ן בְּתוֹכָ֑הּ ×›Ö´Ö¼Öš×™ ×Ö²× Ö´Ö£×™ יְהֹוָ֔ה שֹ×כֵ֕ן בְּת֖וֹךְ ×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ¥×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵֽל: | |
in which I dwell: You should not cause me to dwell amidst its uncleanness. | ×שר ×× ×™ שכן בתוכה: ×©×œ× ×ª×©×›×™× ×• ×ותי בטומ×תה: | |
for I am the Lord who dwells among the children of Israel: Even when they are unclean, the Divine Presence resides with them. — [Sifrei Massei 32] | ×›×™ ×× ×™ ×”' שוכן בתוך ×‘× ×™ ישר×ל: ××£ בזמן ×©×”× ×˜×ž××™× ×©×›×™× ×” ×‘×™× ×™×”×: |
Numbers Chapter 36
1The paternal heads of the family of the sons of Gilead the son of Machir the son of Manasseh of the families of the sons of Joseph approached and spoke before Moses and before the chieftains, the paternal heads of the children of Israel. | ×וַיִּקְרְב֞וּ רָ×שֵ×Ö£×™ ×”Ö¸Ö½×ָב֗וֹת לְמִשְ×פַּ֤חַת ×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ½×™Ö¾×’Ö´×œÖ°×¢Ö¸×“Ö™ בֶּן־מָכִ֣יר ×‘Ö¶Ö¼×ŸÖ¾×žÖ°× Ö·×©Ö¶Ö¼×Ö”×” מִמִּשְ×פְּחֹ֖ת ×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ£×™ יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיְדַבְּר֞וּ ×œÖ´×¤Ö°× ÖµÖ¤×™ משֶ××”Ö™ ×•Ö°×œÖ´×¤Ö°× ÖµÖ£×™ ×”Ö·× Ö°Ö¼×©Ö´×‚×Ö´Ö”×™× ×¨Ö¸×שֵ×Ö¥×™ ×ָב֖וֹת ×œÖ´×‘Ö°× ÖµÖ¥×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵֽל: | |
2They said, "The Lord commanded my master to give the Land as an inheritance through lot to the children of Israel, and our master was commanded by the Lord to give the inheritance of Zelophehad our brother to his daughters. | בוַיֹּֽ×מְר֗וּ ×ֶת־×Ö²×“Ö¹× Ö´×™Ö™ צִוָּ֣ה יְהֹוָ֔ה לָתֵ֨ת ×ֶת־הָ×ָ֧רֶץ ×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ¸Ö›×” בְּגוֹרָ֖ל ×œÖ´×‘Ö°× ÖµÖ£×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵ֑ל וַֽ××“Ö¹× Ö´×™Ö™ צֻוָּ֣ה בַֽיהֹוָ֔ה לָתֵ֗ת ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾× Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ·Ö›×ª צְלָפְחָ֥ד ×Ö¸×—Ö´Ö–×™× ×•Ö¼ ×œÖ´×‘Ö°× Ö¹×ªÖ¸Ö½×™×•: | |
3Now, if they marry a member of another tribe of the children of Israel, their inheritance will be diminished from the inheritance of our father, and it will be added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they marry, and thus, it will be diminished from the lot of our inheritance. | ×’×•Ö°×”Ö¸×™Ö ×•Ö¼ לְ×ֶחָ֞ד ×žÖ´×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ¨×™ שִ×בְטֵ֥י ×‘Ö°× ÖµÖ½×™Ö¾×™Ö´×©Ö°×‚×¨Ö¸×ֵל֘ ×œÖ°× Ö¸×©Ö´××™×Ö’ ×•Ö°× Ö´×’Ö°×¨Ö°×¢Ö¸Ö¤×” × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ¸×ªÖ¸×ŸÖ™ ×žÖ´× Ö·Ö¼Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ·Ö£×ª ×Ö²×‘Ö¹×ªÖµÖ”×™× ×•Ö¼ ×•Ö°× ×•Ö¹×¡Ö·Ö•×£ עַ֚ל × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ·Ö£×ª הַמַּטֶּ֔ה ×ֲשֶ×֥ר ×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö–×™× Ö¸×” ×œÖ¸×”Ö¶Ö‘× ×•Ö¼×žÖ´×’Ö¹Ö¼×¨Ö·Ö¥×œ × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ¸×ªÖµÖ–× ×•Ö¼ יִגָּרֵֽעַ: | |
and it will be added to the inheritance of the tribe: For her son inherits her, and the son’s pedigree follows his father’s tribe. | ×•× ×•×¡×£ על × ×—×œ×ª המטה: שהרי ×‘× ×” יורשה והבן מתיחס על שבט ×ביו: | |
4Even if the children of Israel will have a Jubilee, their inheritance will be added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they marry, and their inheritance will be diminished from the inheritance of our father's tribe." | דוְ×Ö´×Ö¾×™Ö´Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö£×” הַיֹּבֵל֘ ×œÖ´×‘Ö°× ÖµÖ£×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵל֒ ×•Ö°× Ö½×•Ö¹×¡Ö°×¤Ö¸×”Ö™ × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ¸×ªÖ¸Ö”×Ÿ עַ֚ל × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ·Ö£×ª הַמַּטֶּ֔ה ×ֲשֶ×֥ר ×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö–×™× Ö¸×” ×œÖ¸×”Ö¶Ö‘× ×•Ö¼×žÖ´× Ö·Ö¼Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ·×ªÖ™ מַטֵּ֣ה ×Ö²×‘Ö¹×ªÖµÖ”×™× ×•Ö¼ יִגָּרַ֖ע × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ¸×ªÖ¸Ö½×Ÿ: | |
Even if the children of Israel will have a Jubilee: From here R. Judah said: The Jubilee is destined to cease. — [Torath Kohanim 13:1] | ו×× ×™×”×™×” היובל: מכ×ן ×”×™×” רבי יהודה ×ומר עתיד היובל שיפסוק: | |
will have a Jubilee: That is to say, this is not a form of sale, which returns [to the original owner] in the Jubilee [year], for inheritance does not return at the Jubilee. Even if the Jubilee occurs, the inheritance will not return to its tribe; hence, it is “added to the inheritance of the tribe into which they marry.” | ו×× ×™×”×™×” היובל: כלומר ×ין זו מכירה שחוזרת ביובל, שהירושה ××™× ×” חוזרת, ו×פילו ×× ×™×”×™×” היובל ×œ× ×ª×—×–×•×¨ ×”× ×—×œ×” לשבטו, ×•× ×ž×¦× ×©× ×•×¡×¤×” על × ×—×œ×ª המטה ×שר ×ª×”×™×™× ×” לה×: | |
5Moses commanded the children of Israel according to the word of the Lord, saying, "The tribe of Joseph's descendants speak justly. | הוַיְצַ֤ו משֶ××”Ö™ ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ£×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵ֔ל עַל־פִּ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה לֵ×מֹ֑ר כֵּ֛ן מַטֵּ֥ה ×‘Ö°× ÖµÖ½×™Ö¾×™×•Ö¹×¡ÖµÖ–×£ דֹּֽבְרִֽי×: | |
6This is the word that the Lord has commanded regarding Zelophehad's daughters. Let them marry whomever they please, but they shall marry only to the family of their father's tribe. | וזֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֞ר ×ֲשֶ×ר־צִוָּ֣ה יְהֹוָ֗ה ×œÖ´×‘Ö°× Ö¤×•Ö¹×ª צְלָפְחָד֙ לֵ×מֹ֔ר לַטּ֥וֹב ×‘Ö°Ö¼×¢ÖµÖ½×™× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö£×™× Ö¸×” ×œÖ°× Ö¸×©Ö´×Ö‘×™× ×ַ֗ךְ לְמִשְ×פַּ֛חַת מַטֵּ֥ה ×Ö²×‘Ö´×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Ö¥×™× Ö¸×” ×œÖ°× Ö¸×©Ö´Ö½××™×: | |
7Thus, the inheritance of the children of Israel will not be transferred from tribe to tribe, for each person from the children of Israel will remain attached to the inheritance of his father's tribe. | זוְלֹֽ×־תִסֹּ֤ב × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ¸×”Ö™ ×œÖ´×‘Ö°× ÖµÖ£×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵ֔ל מִמַּטֶּ֖ה ×ֶל־מַטֶּ֑ה ×›Ö´Ö¼Ö£×™ ×Ö´Ö—×™×©× ×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ·×ªÖ™ מַטֵּ֣ה ×ֲבֹתָ֔יו יִדְבְּק֖וּ ×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ¥×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵֽל: | |
8Every daughter from the tribes of the children of Israel who inherits property, shall marry a member of her father's tribe, so each one of the children of Israel shall inherit the property of his forefathers. | חוְכָל־בַּ֞ת יֹרֶ֣שֶ×ת × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ¸Ö—×” מִמַּטּוֹת֘ ×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ£×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵל֒ לְ×ֶחָ֗ד מִמִּשְ×פַּ֛חַת מַטֵּ֥ה ×ָבִ֖יהָ תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה לְ×ִשָּ×Ö‘×” לְמַ֗עַן יִֽירְש×וּ֙ ×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ£×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵ֔ל ×Ö´Ö–×™×©× × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ·Ö¥×ª ×ֲבֹתָֽיו: | |
Every daughter…who inherits property: Because her father had no son. | וכל בת ירשת × ×—×œ×”: ×©×œ× ×”×™×” בן ל×ביה: | |
9And no inheritance will be transferred from one tribe to another tribe, for each person of the tribes of the children of Israel shall remain attached to his own inheritance." | טוְלֹֽ×־תִסֹּ֧ב × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ¸Ö›×” מִמַּטֶּ֖ה לְמַטֵּ֣ה ×ַחֵ֑ר ×›Ö´Ö¼×™Ö¾×ִיש×Ö™ ×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö·Ö£×—Ö²×œÖ¸×ªÖ”×•Ö¹ יִדְבְּק֕וּ מַטּ֖וֹת ×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ¥×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵֽל: | |
10As the Lord had commanded Moses, so did Zelophehad's daughters do. | ×™×›Ö·Ö¼Ö½×ֲשֶ×֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה ×ֶת־משֶ×Ö‘×” כֵּ֥ן עָשׂ֖וּ ×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö¥×•Ö¹×ª צְלָפְחָֽד: | |
11Mahlah, Tirzah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Noah married their cousins. | ×™××•Ö·×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö½×”Ö°×™Ö¶Öœ×™× Ö¸×” מַחְלָ֣ה תִרְצָ֗ה וְחָגְלָ֧ה וּמִלְכָּ֛ה ×•Ö°× Ö¹×¢Ö¸Ö–×” ×‘Ö°Ö¼× Ö£×•Ö¹×ª צְלָפְחָ֑ד ×œÖ´×‘Ö°× ÖµÖ¥×™ דֹֽדֵיהֶ֖ן ×œÖ°× Ö¸×©Ö´Ö½××™×: | |
Mahlah, Tirzah…: Here it enumerates them according to seniority over each other in age, and they were married in the order they were born. But throughout Scripture (26:33, 17:1, Josh. 17:3), it lists them in order of their intelligence and informs us that they were all equal. — [B.B. 120a] | מחלה תרצה וגו': ×›×ן ×ž× ×ן לפי גדולתן זו מזו ×‘×©× ×™× ×•× ×©×ו כסדר תולדותן, ובכל ×”×ž×§×¨× ×ž× ×ן לפי חכמתן ומגיד ששקולות זו כזו: | |
12They married into the families of the sons of Manasseh the son of Joseph, and their inheritance remained with the tribe of their father's family. | יבמִמִּשְ×פְּחֹ֛ת ×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ½×™Ö¾×žÖ°× Ö·×©Ö¶Ö¼×Ö¥×” בֶן־יוֹסֵ֖ף הָי֣וּ ×œÖ°× Ö¸×©Ö´×Ö‘×™× ×•Ö·×ªÖ°Ö¼×”Ö´×™Ö™ × Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×œÖ¸×ªÖ¸Ö”×Ÿ עַל־מַטֵּ֖ה מִשְ×פַּ֥חַת ×ֲבִיהֶֽן: | |
13These are the commandments and the ordinances that the Lord commanded the children of Israel through Moses in the plains of Moab, by the Jordan at Jericho. | ×™×’×ֵ֣לֶּה הַמִּצְוֹ֞ת וְהַמִּשְ××¤Ö¸Ö¼×˜Ö´Ö—×™× ×ֲשֶ×֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה בְּיַד־משֶ×Ö–×” ×Ö¶×œÖ¾×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ£×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵ֑ל בְּעַרְבֹ֣ת מוֹ×ָ֔ב עַ֖ל יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵחֽוֹ: |