Torah Reading for Terumah
Parshat Terumah
Shabbat, 4 Adar I, 5779
9 February, 2019
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Complete: (Exodus 25:1 - 27:19; Kings I 5:26 - 6:13)
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First Portion
Exodus Chapter 25
1"The Lord spoke to Moses saying: | ×וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה ×ֶל־משֶ×Ö¥×” לֵּ×מֹֽר: | |
2"Speak to the children of Israel, and have them take for Me an offering; from every person whose heart inspires him to generosity, you shall take My offering. | בדַּבֵּר֙ ×Ö¶×œÖ¾×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ£×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵ֔ל וְיִקְחוּ־לִ֖י תְּרוּמָ֑ה מֵ×ֵ֤ת כָּל־×ִיש×Ö™ ×ֲשֶ×֣ר ×™Ö´×“Ö°Ö¼×‘Ö¶Ö£× Ö¼×•Ö¼ לִבּ֔וֹ תִּקְח֖וּ ×ֶת־תְּרֽוּמָתִֽי: | |
and have them take for Me: Heb. לִי. [I.e.,] dedicated to My name. -[from Tan. 1] | ויקחו לי תרומה: לי לשמי: | |
offering: Heb. תְּרוּמָה, separation. They shall set apart from their property an offering for Me. | תרומה: הפרשה, יפרישו לי ×ž×ž×ž×•× × × ×“×‘×”: | |
whose heart inspires him to generosity: Heb. ×™Ö´×“Ö°Ö¼×‘Ö¶× Ö¼×•Ö¼ לִבּוֹ, an expression of × Ö°×“Ö¸×‘Ö¸×”, which is an expression of good will, present in French, [a] gift. | ×™×“×‘× ×• לבו: לשון × ×“×‘×”, ×•×”×•× ×œ×©×•×Ÿ רצון טוב, ×¤×¨×™×©× "ט בלעז [×ž×ª× ×”]: | |
you shall take My offering: Our Rabbis said: [The word תְּרוּמָה, mentioned three times, denotes that] three offerings are mentioned here. One is the offering of a beka [half-shekel] per head, from which they made the sockets, as is delineated in [Exod. 38:26, 27, in the parsha] “ ×ֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי, These are the accounts.” Another is the offering of a beka per head for the [community] coffers, from which to purchase the communal sacrifices, and another is the offering for the Mishkan, each one’s [Israelite’s] donation (Talmud Yerushalmi, Shekalim 1:1; Meg. 29b). The thirteen materials mentioned in this section [i.e., this chapter] were all required for the work of the Mishkan or for the garments of the kohanim, [as you will find] when you study them closely (Tan. 5, Song Rabbah 4:25). | תקחו ×ת תרומתי: ×מרו ×¨×‘×•×ª×™× ×• שלש תרומות ×מורות ×›×ן, ×חת תרומת בקע לגלגלת, ×©× ×¢×©×• ×ž×”× ×”×-×“× ×™×, כמו שמפורש ב×לה פקודי (שמות לח כו - ×›×–), ו×חת תרומת המזבח בקע לגלגלת לקופות ×œ×§× ×•×ª מהן ×§×¨×‘× ×•×ª צבור, ו×חת תרומת המשכן × ×“×‘×ª כל ×חד ו×חד. שלשה עשר ×“×‘×¨×™× ×”××ž×•×¨×™× ×‘×¢× ×™×Ÿ ×›×•×œ× ×”×•×¦×¨×›×• למל×כת המשכן ×ו לבגדי ×›×”×•× ×”, כשתדקדק בה×: | |
3And this is the offering that you shall take from them: gold, silver, and copper; | גוְזֹ×ת֙ הַתְּרוּמָ֔ה ×ֲשֶ×֥ר תִּקְח֖וּ מֵֽ×Ö´×ªÖ¸Ö¼Ö‘× ×–Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö¥×‘ וָכֶ֖סֶף ×•Ö¼× Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: | |
gold, silver, and copper, etc.: They were all given voluntarily; each person [gave] what his heart inspired him to give, except [for] the silver, which they gave equally, a half-shekel for each individual. We do not find throughout the entire work of the Mishkan that more silver was required, as it is said: “The silver of the community census was…a beka per head…” (Exod. 38:25, 26). The rest of the silver, which was given there [in the work of the Mishkan] voluntarily, they [the workers] made into service utensils. | זהב וכסף ×•× ×—×©×ª וגו': ×›×•×œ× ×‘×ו ×‘× ×“×‘×”, ×יש ×יש מה ×©× ×“×‘×• לבו, חוץ מן הכסף ×©×‘× ×‘×©×•×” מחצית השקל לכל ×חד, ×•×œ× ×ž×¦×™× ×• בכל מל×כת המשכן, שהוצרך ×©× ×›×¡×£ יותר, ×©× ×מר (שמות לח כו - ×›×–) וכסף פקודי העדה וגו' בקע לגלגלת וגו', וש×ר הכסף ×”×‘× ×©× ×‘× ×“×‘×” עש×וה לכלי שרת: | |
4blue, purple, and crimson wool; linen and goat hair; | דוּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְ×ַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָ×× Ö´Ö–×™ וְשֵ×Ö¥×©× ×•Ö°×¢Ö´×–Ö´Ö¼Ö½×™×: | |
blue…wool: Heb. תְכֵלֶת, wool dyed with the blood of the chillazon [animal], which bears a blue color. — [from Men. 44a, Tosefta Men. 9:6] | ותכלת: צמר צבוע ×‘×“× ×—×œ×–×•×Ÿ, וצבעו ירוק: | |
purple…wool: Heb. וְ×ַרְגָּמָן, wool dyed with a kind of dye named ×ַרְגָּמָן. | ו×רגמן: צמר צבוע ממין צבע ששמו ×רגמן: | |
linen: Heb. שֵ×ש×. This is linen. — [from Tosefta Men. 9:6] | ושש: ×”×•× ×¤×©×ª×Ÿ: | |
and goat hair: Heb. וְעִזִי×, the hair of goats. Therefore, Onkelos rendered: וּמְעַזֵי, [i.e.,] what comes from the goats, but not the goats themselves [i.e., not the goat skins], for Targum’s [Onkelos] translation of ×¢Ö´×–Ö´×™× [goats] is ×¢Ö´×–Ö·×™Ö¸× (Gen. 30:32). | ועזי×: × ×•×¦×” של ×¢×–×™×, לכך ×ª×¨×’× ××•× ×§×œ×•×¡ ומעזי, ×”×‘× ×ž×Ÿ ×”×¢×–×™×, ×•×œ× ×¢×–×™× ×¢×¦×ž×, ×©×ª×¨×’×•× ×©×œ ×¢×–×™× ×¢×–×™×: | |
5ram skins dyed red, tachash skins, and acacia wood; | הוְעֹרֹ֨ת ×Öµ×™×œÖ´Ö§× ×žÖ°×Ö¸×“Ö¸Ö¼×žÖ´Ö›×™× ×•Ö°×¢Ö¹×¨Ö¹Ö¥×ª תְּחָשִ×Ö–×™× ×•Ö·Ö½×¢Ö²×¦ÖµÖ¥×™ שִ×טִּֽי×: | |
dyed red: Heb. מְ×ֳָדָּמִי×. They were dyed red after being tanned. | מ×דמי×: צבועות היו ××“×•× ×œ×חר עבודן: | |
tachash skins: This was a species of animal that existed only for a [short] time, and it had many hues (×’Ö·Ö¼×•Ö¸Ö¼× Ö´×™×). Therefore, [Onkelos] renders [it] ×¡Ö·×¡Ö°×’Ö¼×•Ö¹× Ö¸×, because it rejoices (שֶ×שָׂשׂ) [ס and שׂ are often interchangeable] and boasts of its hues (×’Ö·Ö¼×•Ö¸Ö¼× Ö´×™×). -[from Shab. 28a, b] | תחשי×: מין ×—×™×”, ×•×œ× ×”×™×ª×” ××œ× ×œ×©×¢×” והרבה ×’×•×•× ×™× ×”×™×• לה, לכך ×ž×ª×¨×’× ×¡×¡×’×•× ×, ששש ומתפ×ר ×‘×’×•×•× ×™×Ÿ שלו: | |
and acacia wood: Where did they get these [trees] in the desert? Rabbi Tanchuma explained that our father Jacob foresaw with the holy spirit that the Israelites were destined to build a Mishkan in the desert, so he brought cedars to Egypt and planted them. He commanded his sons to take them with them when they left Egypt. — [from Mid. Tanchuma 9] | ועצי שטי×: מ×ין היו ×œ×”× ×‘×ž×“×‘×¨, פירש רבי ×ª× ×—×•×ž× ×™×¢×§×‘ ××‘×™× ×• צפה ברוח הקודש, שעתידין ישר×ל ×œ×‘× ×•×ª משכן במדבר, ×•×”×‘×™× ××¨×–×™× ×œ×ž×¦×¨×™× ×•× ×˜×¢×, וצוה ×œ×‘× ×™×• ×œ×™×˜×œ× ×¢×ž×”×, כשיצ×ו ממצרי×: | |
6oil for lighting, spices for the anointing oil and for the incense; | ושֶ×֖מֶן לַמָּ×ֹ֑ר בְּשָׂמִי×Ö™ לְשֶ×֣מֶן הַמִּשְ××—Ö¸Ö”×” וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽי×: | |
oil for lighting: Pure olive oil to continually kindle the light. | שמן למ×ור: שמן זית זך להעלות × ×¨ תמיד: | |
spices for the anointing oil: which was made to anoint the vessels of the Mishkan and [for] the Mishkan itself to sanctify them, and spices were required for it, as is delineated in [the parsha] ×›Ö´Ö¼×™ ×ªÖ´×©Ö¸×‚× (Exod. 30:22-33). | ×‘×©×ž×™× ×œ×©×ž×Ÿ המשחה: ×©× ×¢×©×” למשוח כלי המשכן והמשכן לקדשו, והוצרכו לו ×‘×©×ž×™× ×›×ž×• שמפורש בכי ×ª×©× (שמות ל ×›×’ - ×›×”): | |
and for the incense: Heb. וְלִקְטֹרֶת הַסַּמִּי×, which they burned every evening and morning, as is explained in [the parsha] וְ×ַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה (Exod. 30:7, 8). The word קְטֹרֶת means the raising of smoke (קִיטוֹר) and columns of smoke ותִּמְרוֹת עָשָ×ן. | ולקטרת הסמי×: שהיו מקטירין בכל ערב ובקר, כמו שמפורש בו×תה תצוה (שמות ל ×– - ×—) ולשון קטרת העל×ת קיטור ותמרות עשן: | |
7shoham stones and filling stones for the ephod and for the choshen. | ×–×Ö·×‘Ö°× Öµ×™Ö¾×©Ö¹×Ö•×”Ö·× ×•Ö°×Ö·×‘Ö°× ÖµÖ–×™ מִלֻּ×Ö´Ö‘×™× ×œÖ¸Ö½×ֵפֹ֖ד וְלַחֽשֶ×ן: | |
shoham stones: Two were needed there [in the Mishkan] for the ephod, mentioned in [the parsha] וְ×ַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה (Exod. 28:9-12). | ××‘× ×™ שה×: ×©×ª×™× ×”×•×¦×¨×›×• ×©× ×œ×¦×•×¨×š ×”×פוד ×”×מור בו×תה תצוה (שמות ×›×— יב): | |
filling: Since they make for them a seat out of gold, like a sort of hole, and the stone is placed there to fill the hole, they are called filling stones. The place of the “seat” is called מִשְ×בֶּצֶת, a setting. | מל××™×: על ×©× ×©×¢×•×©×™×Ÿ ×œ×”× ×‘×–×”×‘ מושב כמין ×’×•×ž× ×•× ×•×ª× ×™×Ÿ ×”×בן ×©× ×œ×ž×œ×ות הגומ×, ×§×¨×•×™×™× ××‘× ×™ מלו××™×, ×•×ž×§×•× ×”×ž×•×©×‘ קרוי משבצות: | |
for the ephod and for the choshen: The shoham stones for the ephod and the filling stones for the choshen. The ephod and the choshen are explained in וְ×ַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה they are types of ornaments [worn by the kohanim]. | ל×פוד ולחשן: ××‘× ×™ ×”×©×”× ×œ×פוד, ו××‘× ×™ המל××•×™× ×œ×—×©×Ÿ, וחשן ו×פוד ×ž×¤×•×¨×©×™× ×‘×•×תה תצוה, ×•×”× ×ž×™× ×™ תכשיט: | |
8And they shall make Me a sanctuary and I will dwell in their midst | חוְעָ֥שׂוּ לִ֖י ×žÖ´×§Ö°×“Ö¸Ö¼Ö‘×©× ×•Ö°×©Ö¸Ö½××›Ö·× Ö°×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö–×™ בְּתוֹכָֽ×: | |
And they shall make Me a sanctuary: And they shall make in My name a house of sanctity. | ועשו לי מקדש: ועשו לשמי בית קדושה: | |
9according to all that I show you, the pattern of the Mishkan and the pattern of all its vessels; and so shall you do. | טכְּכֹ֗ל ×ֲשֶ×֤ר ×Ö²× Ö´×™Ö™ מַרְ×Ö¶Ö£×” ×ֽוֹתְךָ֔ ×ֵ֚ת ×ªÖ·Ö¼×‘Ö°× Ö´Ö£×™×ª הַמִּשְ×כָּ֔ן וְ×ֵ֖ת ×ªÖ·Ö¼×‘Ö°× Ö´Ö£×™×ª כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְכֵ֖ן תַּֽעֲשֽׂוּ: | |
according to all that I show you: here, the pattern of the Mishkan. This verse is connected to the verse above it: “And they shall make Me a sanctuary…” according to all that I show you. | ככל ×שר ×× ×™ מר××” ×ותך: ×›×ן ×ת ×ª×‘× ×™×ª המשכן. ×”×ž×§×¨× ×”×–×” מחובר ×œ×ž×§×¨× ×©×œ×ž×¢×œ×” ×”×™×ž× ×• ועשו לי מקדש ככל ×שר ×× ×™ מר××” ×ותך: | |
and so shall you do: in future generations (Sanh. 16b, Shev. 14b, 15a). If one of the vessels is lost, or when you make the vessels of the Temple, such as [the] tables, menorahs, wash basins, and bases that Solomon made, you shall make them according to the pattern of these [that I will describe in the following verses]. If the verse was not connected to what was written before it, He would not have written, “and so shall you do,” but" so shall you do" [without the word “and”], and it would be speaking about the making of the Tent of Meeting and its vessels. | וכן תעשו: לדורות ×× ×™×בד ×חד מן ×”×›×œ×™× ×ו כשתעשו לי כלי בית עולמי×, כגון ×©×•×œ×—× ×•×ª ×•×ž× ×•×¨×•×ª וכיורות ×•×ž×›×•× ×•×ª שעשה שלמה, ×›×ª×‘× ×™×ª ×לו תעשו ×ות×. ו×× ×œ× ×”×™×” ×”×ž×§×¨× ×ž×—×•×‘×¨ למעלה ×”×™×ž× ×•, ×œ× ×”×™×” לו לכתוב וכן תעשו ××œ× ×›×Ÿ תעשו, והיה מדבר על עשיית ×הל מועד וכליו: | |
10They shall make an ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits its length, a cubit and a half its width, and a cubit and a half its height. | יוְעָשׂ֥וּ ×ֲר֖וֹן עֲצֵ֣י שִ××˜Ö´Ö¼Ö‘×™× ×Ö·×žÖ¸Ö¼×ªÖ·Ö¨×™Ö´× ×•Ö¸×—ÖµÖœ×¦Ö´×™ ×ָרְכּ֗וֹ וְ×ַמָּ֤ה וָחֵ֨צִי֙ רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְ×ַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹֽמָתֽוֹ: | |
They shall make an ark: like the chests that are made without feet, made like a sort of chest called escrin [in Old French, ecrin in modern French], (i.e., a chest or box), which rests on its bottom [without being raised off the floor by the attachment of legs]. | ועשו ×רון: כמין ××¨×•× ×•×ª ×©×¢×•×©×™× ×‘×œ× ×¨×’×œ×™×, ×¢×©×•×™×™× ×›×ž×™×Ÿ ×רגז שקורין ×ישקרי"ן בלעז [×רגז] יושב על שוליו: | |
11And you shall overlay it with pure gold; from inside and from outside you shall overlay it, and you shall make upon it a golden crown all around. | ×™×וְצִפִּיתָ֤ ×ֹתוֹ֙ זָהָ֣ב טָה֔וֹר מִבַּ֥יִת וּמִח֖וּץ ×ªÖ°Ö¼×¦Ö·×¤Ö¶Ö¼Ö‘× Ö¼×•Ö¼ וְעָשִׂ֧יתָ עָלָ֛יו זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב: | |
from inside and from outside you shall overlay it: Bezalel made three arks, two of gold and one of wood. Each one had four walls and a bottom, and they were open on the top. He placed the wooden one inside the golden one and the [other] golden one inside the wooden one. He covered the upper rim with gold, thus it is found that [the wooden one] was overlaid from inside and from outside [with gold]. — [from Yoma 72b, Shek. 16b] | מבית ומחוץ ×ª×¦×¤× ×•: שלשה ××¨×•× ×•×ª עשה בצל×ל, ×©×ª×™× ×©×œ זהב ו×חד של ×¢×¥, ו×רבע ×›×ª×œ×™× ×•×©×•×œ×™× ×œ×›×œ ×חד ×•×¤×ª×•×—×™× ×ž×œ×ž×¢×œ×”, × ×ª×Ÿ של ×¢×¥ בתוך של זהב ושל זהב בתוך של ×¢×¥, וחפה שפתו ×”×¢×œ×™×•× ×” בזהב, × ×ž×¦× ×ž×¦×•×¤×” מבית ומחוץ: | |
a golden crown: Like a sort of crown surrounding it above its rim. For he [Bezalel] made the outer ark higher than the inner one, until it extended upwards opposite the thickness of the ark cover and slightly higher than it, so that when the ark cover lies on the thickness of the walls, the crown extends slightly over the thickness of the ark cover (Yoma 72b). And that [the crown] is the symbol of the crown of the Torah (Tan. Vayakhel 8, Exod. Rabbah 34:2). | זר זהב: כמין כתר מקיף לו סביב למעלה משפתו, שעשה ×”×רון החיצון גבוה מן ×”×¤× ×™×ž×™ עד שעלה למול עובי הכפורת ולמעלה ×”×™×ž× ×• משהו, וכשהכפורת שוכב על עובי הכתלי×, עולה הזר למעלה מכל עובי הכפורת כל שהו×, ×•×”×•× ×¡×™×ž×Ÿ לכתר תורה: | |
12And you shall cast four golden rings for it, and you shall place them upon its four corners, two rings on its one side, and two rings on its other side. | יבוְיָצַ֣קְתָּ לּ֗וֹ ×ַרְבַּע֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב ×•Ö°× Ö¸Ö£×ªÖ·×ªÖ¸Ö¼Ö”×” עַ֖ל ×ַרְבַּ֣ע פַּֽעֲמֹתָ֑יו וּשְ×תֵּ֣י טַבָּעֹ֗ת עַל־צַלְעוֹ֙ ×”Ö¸Ö½×ֶחָ֔ת וּשְ×תֵּי֙ טַבָּעֹ֔ת עַל־צַלְע֖וֹ הַשֵּ×× Ö´Ö½×™×ª: | |
And you shall cast: Heb. וְיָצַקְךְתָּ, an expression of casting, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders. | ויצקת: לשון התכה כתרגומו: | |
its…corners: Heb. פַּעִמֹתָיו. As the Targum [Onkelos] renders: זִיוְיָתֵיהּ, its corners. They were attached on the upper corners, close to the ark cover, two from here and two from there, across the width of the ark, and the poles were placed in them [the rings]. The length of the ark separated the poles, two and one-half cubits between [one] pole and [the other] pole, so that the two people carrying the ark would walk between them [the poles]. So it is explained in Men., in the chapter entitled שתֵּי ×”Ö·×œÖ¶Ö¼×—Ö¶× (98b). | פעמתיו: כתרגומו זויתיה. ובזויות ×”×¢×œ×™×•× ×•×ª סמוך לכפרת היו × ×ª×•× ×•×ª ×©×ª×™× ×ž×›×ן ×•×©×ª×™× ×ž×›×ן לרחבו של ×רון, ×•×”×‘×“×™× × ×ª×•× ×™× ×‘×”×, ו×רכו של ×רון מפסיק בין הבדי×, ××ž×ª×™× ×•×—×¦×™ בין בד לבד, שיהיו ×©× ×™ ×‘× ×™ ×ד×, ×”× ×•×©××™× ×ת ×”×רון, מהלכין ×‘×™× ×™×”×, וכן מפורש ×‘×ž× ×—×•×ª בפרק שתי ×”×œ×—× (צח ב): | |
two rings on its one side: Heb. וּשְ×תֵּי טַבָּעֹת, lit., and two rings. These are the four rings [mentioned] in the beginning of the verse, and [Scripture now] explains to you where they were [to be placed]. This “vav” is superfluous, and it is to be interpreted as שְ×תֵּי טַבָּעֹת, two rings. But you can reconcile it [by interpreting it] in this way: and two of these rings [shall be] on its one side, [meaning, and two of the four rings mentioned in the beginning of this verse shall be on one side, etc.]. | ושתי טבעות על צלעו ×”×חת: הן הן ×”×רבע טבעות שבתחלת המקר×, ופירש לך היכן היו, והוי"ו זו יתירה ×”×™× ×•×¤×ª×¨×•× ×• כמו שתי טבעות, ויש לך לישבה כן ×•×©×ª×™×™× ×ž×Ÿ הטבעות ×”×לו על צלעו ×”×חת: | |
its…side: Heb. צַלְעוֹ, its side. | צלעו: צדו: | |
13And you shall make poles of acacia wood and you shall overlay them with gold. | יגוְעָשִׂ֥יתָ בַדֵּ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִ××˜Ö´Ö¼Ö‘×™× ×•Ö°×¦Ö´×¤Ö´Ö¼×™×ªÖ¸Ö¥ ×Ö¹×ªÖ¸Ö–× ×–Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö½×‘: | |
poles of: Heb. בַדֵּי, poles. | בדי: מוטות: | |
14And you shall bring the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark, to carry the ark with them. | ידוְהֵֽבֵ×תָ֤ ×ֶת־הַבַּדִּי×Ö™ בַּטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֖ל צַלְעֹ֣ת ×”Ö¸Ö½×ָרֹ֑ן לָשֵׂ֥×ת ×ֶת־הָֽ×ָרֹ֖ן בָּהֶֽ×: | |
15The poles of the ark shall be in the rings; they shall not be removed from it. | טובְּטַבְּעֹת֙ ×”Ö¸Ö½×ָרֹ֔ן יִֽהְי֖וּ ×”Ö·×‘Ö·Ö¼×“Ö´Ö¼Ö‘×™× ×œÖ¹Ö¥× ×™Ö¸×¡Ö»Ö–×¨×•Ö¼ ×žÖ´×žÖ¶Ö¼Ö½× Ö¼×•Ö¼: | |
they shall not be removed from it: forever. | ×œ× ×™×¡×¨×• ×ž×ž× ×•: לעול×: | |
16And you shall place into the ark the testimony, which I will give you. | ×˜×–×•Ö°× Ö¸Ö½×ªÖ·×ªÖ¸Ö¼Ö– ×ֶל־הָֽ×ָרֹ֑ן ×ֵ֚ת הָֽעֵדֻ֔ת ×ֲשֶ×֥ר ×ֶתֵּ֖ן ×ֵלֶֽיךָ: | |
And you shall place into the ark: Heb. ×ֶל-×”Ö¸×ָרֹן, lit., to the ark, [meaning] into the ark. | ×•× ×ª×ª ×ל ×”×רן: כמו ב×רון: | |
the testimony: [I.e.,] the Torah, which serves as testimony between Me and you [Israel] that I commanded you [to fulfill] the commandments written in it. — [from Mid. Tan. Pekudei 4, also Mid. Lekach Tov] | העדות: התורה ×©×”×™× ×œ×¢×“×•×ª ×‘×™× ×™ ×•×‘×™× ×™×›×, שצויתי ××ª×›× ×ž×¦×•×ª הכתובות בה: |
Second Portion
Exodus Chapter 25
17And you shall make an ark cover of pure gold, two and a half cubits its length and a cubit and a half its width. | יזוְעָשִׂ֥יתָ כַפֹּ֖רֶת זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר ×Ö·×žÖ¸Ö¼×ªÖ·Ö¤×™Ö´× ×•Ö¸×—ÖµÖ¨×¦Ö´×™Ö™ ×ָרְכָּ֔הּ וְ×ַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי רָחְבָּֽהּ: | |
an ark cover: Heb. כַפֹּרֶת a cover over the ark, which was open from above. He [Moses] placed it [the cover] over it [the ark] like a board. | כפרת: כסוי על ×”×רון שהיה פתוח מלמעלה ×•×ž× ×™×—×• עליו כמין דף: | |
two and a half cubits its length: like the length of the ark. Its width was like the width of the ark, and it lay on the thickness of the four walls. Although [Scripture] does not give a measure for its thickness, our Rabbis explained that it was a handbreadth thick. — [from Succah 5a] | ××ž×ª×™× ×•×—×¦×™ ×רכה: ×›×רכו של ×רון, ורחבה כרחבו של ×רון, ×•×ž×•× ×—×ª על עובי ×”×›×ª×œ×™× ×רבעת×, ו××£ על פי ×©×œ× × ×ª×Ÿ שיעור לעוביה, פירשו ×¨×‘×•×ª×™× ×• שהיה עוביה טפח: | |
18And you shall make two golden cherubim; you shall make them of hammered work, from the two ends of the ark cover. | יחוְעָשִׂ֛יתָ שְ×× Ö·Ö¥×™Ö´× ×›Ö°Ö¼×¨Ö»×‘Ö´Ö–×™× ×–Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö‘×‘ מִקְשָ××”Ö™ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה ×Ö¹×ªÖ¸Ö”× ×žÖ´×©Ö°Ö¼×× ÖµÖ–×™ קְצ֥וֹת הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת: | |
cherubim: Heb. כְּרֻבִי×. They had the features of a child. — [from Succah 5] | כרבי×: דמות פרצוף ×ª×™× ×•×§ לה×: | |
you shall make…of hammered work: [This means] that you should not make them separate and then join them at the ends of the ark cover after they are made, as smiths do [in a process] called solderez [in Old French], soldered. Instead, you should take a large quantity of gold at the beginning of the construction of the ark cover and beat it with a hammer and with a mallet in the center [of the mass of gold] so that its ends protrude upward, and [then you should] form the cherubim from the protrusion of its ends. | מקשה תעשה ×ות×: ×©×œ× ×ª×¢×©× ×‘×¤× ×™ ×¢×¦×ž× ×•×ª×—×‘×¨× ×‘×¨×שי הכפרת ל×חר ×¢×©×™×™×ª× ×›×ž×¢×©×” צורפי×, שקורין שולדי"×¥ [מולחמי×] ××œ× ×”×˜×œ זהב הרבה בתחלת עשיית הכפרת והכה בפטיש ×•×‘×§×•×¨× ×¡ ב×מצע, ור×שין בולטין למעלה וצייר ×”×›×¨×•×‘×™× ×‘×‘×œ×™×˜×ª קצותיו: | |
hammered: Heb. מִקְשָ××”, batediz in Old French, hammered, like “knocked (× Ö¸×§Ö°×©Ö¸×ן) one against the other” (Dan. 5:6). | מקשה: בטידי"×¥ בלעז [עשוי בהכ××”]. כמו (×“× ×™×ל ×” ו) ×“× ×œ×“× × ×§×©×Ÿ: | |
ends of the ark cover: Heb. קְצוֹת הכַּפֹּרֶת, ends of the ark cover. | קצות הכפורת: ר×שי הכפרת: | |
19And make one cherub from the one end and the other cherub from the other end; from the ark cover you shall make the cherubim on its two ends. | ×™×˜×•Ö·Ö½Ö ×¢Ö²×©Öµ×‚Ö ×” כְּר֨וּב ×ֶחָ֤ד מִקָּצָה֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וּכְרוּב־×ֶחָ֥ד מִקָּצָ֖ה מִזֶּ֑ה מִן־הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת תַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾×”Ö·×›Ö°Ö¼×¨Ö»×‘Ö´Ö–×™× ×¢Ö·×œÖ¾×©Ö°×× ÖµÖ¥×™ קְצוֹתָֽיו: | |
And make one cherub from the one end: [The text elaborates] so that you will not say [that it means] two cherubim at each end. Therefore, it had to explain, “one cherub from the one end.” | ועשה כרוב ×חד מקצה: ×©×œ× ×ª×מר ×©× ×™× ×›×¨×•×‘×™× ×œ×›×œ קצה וקצה, לכך הוצרך לפרש כרוב ×חד מקצה מזה: | |
from the ark cover: itself you shall make the cherubim. This is the meaning of “you shall make them of hammered work” -that you shall not make them [the cherubim] separately and [then] attach them to the ark cover. | מן הכפרת: עצמה תעשו ×ת הכרובי×. זהו פירושו של מקשה תעשה ×ות×, ×©×œ× ×ª×¢×©× ×‘×¤× ×™ ×¢×¦×ž× ×•×ª×—×‘×¨× ×œ×›×¤×¨×ª: | |
20The cherubim shall have their wings spread upwards, shielding the ark cover with their wings, with their faces toward one another; [turned] toward the ark cover shall be the faces of the cherubim. | כוְהָי֣וּ הַכְּרֻבִי×Ö© פֹּֽרְשֵׂ֨י ×›Ö°× Ö¸×¤Ö·Öœ×™Ö´× ×œÖ°×žÖ·Ö—×¢Ö°×œÖ¸×” ×¡Ö¹Ö½×›Ö°×›Ö´Ö¤×™× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×›Ö·× Ö°×¤Öµ×™×”Ö¶×Ö™ עַל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת ×•Ö¼×¤Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×Ö´Ö£×™×©× ×ֶל־×ָחִ֑יו ×ֶ֨ל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת יִֽהְי֖וּ ×¤Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ¥×™ הַכְּרֻבִֽי×: | |
their wings spread: [This means] that you shall not make their wings lying down [resting next to their bodies], but spread high alongside their heads, so that there should be ten handbreadths in the space between the wings and the ark cover, as is stated in Succah (5b). | פרשי ×›× ×¤×™×: ×©×œ× ×ª×¢×©×” ×›× ×¤×™×”× ×©×•×›×‘×™×, ××œ× ×¤×¨×•×©×™× ×•×’×‘×•×”×™× ×œ×ž×¢×œ×” ×צל ר×שיה×, ×©×™×”× ×¢×©×¨×” ×˜×¤×—×™× ×‘×—×œ×œ בין ×”×›× ×¤×™× ×œ×›×¤×¨×ª, כד××™×ª× ×‘×¡×•×›×” (דף ×” ב): | |
21And you shall place the ark cover on the ark from above, and into the ark you shall place the testimony, which I will give you. | ×›××•Ö°× Ö¸Ö½×ªÖ·×ªÖ¸Ö¼Ö§ ×ֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת עַל־הָֽ×ָרֹ֖ן מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְ×ֶל־הָ֣×ָרֹ֔ן תִּתֵּן֙ ×ֶת־הָ֣עֵדֻ֔ת ×ֲשֶ×֥ר ×ֶתֵּ֖ן ×ֵלֶֽיךָ: | |
and into the ark you shall place the testimony: I do not know why it was repeated, for it already said: “And you shall place into the ark the testimony” (verse 16). We may say that it comes to teach that when it [the ark] is still an ark alone, without an ark cover, he [Moses] should first put in the testimony and then place the ark cover over it. So we find [that] when he [Moses] erected the Mishkan, it says: “And he placed the testimony into the ark,” and afterwards, “and he placed the ark cover on the ark from above” (Exod. 40:20). | ו×ל ×”×רן תתן ×ת העדות: ×œ× ×™×“×¢×ª×™ למה × ×›×¤×œ, שהרי כבר × ×מר (פסוק טז) ×•× ×ª×ª ×ל ×”×רון ×ת העדות. ויש לומר ×©×‘× ×œ×œ×ž×“, שבעודו ×רון לבדו ×‘×œ× ×›×¤×¨×ª, יתן תחלה העדות לתוכו, ו×חר כך יתן ×ת הכפרת עליו. וכן ×ž×¦×™× ×• ×›×©×”×§×™× ×ת המשכן × ×מר (שמות מ ×›) ויתן ×ת העדות ×ל ×”×רון, ו×חר כך ויתן ×ת הכפורת על ×”×רון מלמעלה: | |
22I will arrange My meetings with you there, and I will speak with you from atop the ark cover from between the two cherubim that are upon the Ark of the Testimony, all that I will command you unto the children of Israel. | ×›×‘×•Ö°× Ö½×•Ö¹×¢Ö·×“Ö°×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö£×™ לְךָ֘ שָ××Ö’ וְדִבַּרְתִּ֨י ×ִתְּךָ֜ מֵעַ֣ל הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶת מִבֵּין֙ שְ×× ÖµÖ£×™ ×”Ö·×›Ö°Ö¼×¨Ö»×‘Ö´Ö”×™× ×ֲשֶ×֖ר עַל־×ֲר֣וֹן הָֽעֵדֻ֑ת ×ֵ֣ת כָּל־×ֲשֶ×֧ר ×ֲצַוֶּ֛ה ×ֽוֹתְךָ֖ ×Ö¶×œÖ¾×‘Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ¥×™ יִשְׂרָ×ֵֽל: | |
I will arrange My meetings with you there: When I arrange a meeting for you to speak with you, [it is at] that place that I will arrange for the meeting where I will come to speak to you. | ×•× ×•×¢×“×ª×™: כש×קבע מועד לך לדבר עמך, ×ותו ×ž×§×•× ×קבע למועד ש××‘× ×©× ×œ×“×‘×¨ ×ליך: | |
and I will speak with you from atop the ark cover: But elsewhere it says: “and the Lord spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting, saying…” (Lev. 1:1). That is the Mishkan, outside the dividing curtain [whereas the ark was within the dividing curtain]. The two verses are found to contradict one another. The third verse comes and reconciles them. "And when Moses came into the Tent of Meeting…he heard the voice speaking to him from atop the ark cover" (Num. 7:89). [The solution is that] Moses would enter the Mishkan and as soon as he came within the doorway, a voice would descend from heaven to [the place] between the cherubim, from where it emanated and was heard by Moses in the Tent of Meeting. — [from Sifrei, end of Naso] | ודברתי ×תך מעל הכפורת: ×•×‘×ž×§×•× ×חר ×”×•× ×ומר (×•×™×§×¨× × ×) וידבר ×”' ×ליו מ×הל מועד ל×מר, ×–×” המשכן מחוץ לפרכת, × ×ž×¦×ו ×©× ×™ ×›×ª×•×‘×™× ×ž×›×—×™×©×™× ×–×” ×ת ×–×”, ×‘× ×”×›×ª×•×‘ השלישי והכריע ×‘×™× ×™×”× (במדבר ×– פט) ×•×‘×‘× ×ž×©×” ×ל ×הל מועד וישמע ×ת הקול מדבר ×ליו מעל הכפרת וגו', משה ×”×™×” × ×›× ×¡ למשכן וכיון ×©×‘× ×‘×ª×•×š הפתח, קול יורד מן ×”×©×ž×™× ×œ×‘×™×Ÿ הכרובי×, ×•×ž×©× ×™×•×¦× ×•× ×©×ž×¢ למשה ב×הל מועד: | |
and all that I will command you unto the children of Israel: Heb. וְ×ֵת. This “vav” [that Rashi adds, meaning “and,”] is superfluous, and there are many similar [examples] in the Torah. And you shall interpret it thus: "and all that I will speak with you there is all that I will command you unto the children of Israel." | ו×ת כל ×שר ×צוה ×ותך ×ל ×‘× ×™ ישר×ל: הרי וי"ו זו יתירה וטפלה, וכמוהו הרבה במקר×, וכה תפתר ו×ת ×שר ×דבר עמך ש×, ×ת כל ×שר ×צוה ×ותך ×ל ×‘× ×™ ישר×ל הו×: | |
23And you shall make a table of acacia wood, two cubits its length, one cubit its width, and a cubit and a half its height. | כגוְעָשִׂ֥יתָ שֻ×לְחָ֖ן עֲצֵ֣י שִ××˜Ö´Ö¼Ö‘×™× ×Ö·×žÖ¸Ö¼×ªÖ·Ö¤×™Ö´× ×ָרְכּוֹ֙ וְ×ַמָּ֣ה רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְ×ַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹֽמָתֽוֹ: | |
its height: The height of its legs [together] with the thickness of the table [top]. | קמתו: גובה רגליו ×¢× ×¢×•×‘×™ השלחן: | |
24And you shall overlay it with pure gold, and you shall make for it a golden crown all around. | כדוְצִפִּיתָ֥ ×ֹת֖וֹ זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ לּ֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב: | |
a golden crown: symbolic of the crown of kingship, for the table represents wealth and greatness, as they say, “the royal table.” -[from Yoma 72b] | זר זהב: סימן לכתר מלכות, שהשולחן ×©× ×¢×•×©×¨ וגדולה, כמו ש××ž×¨×™× ×©×œ×—×Ÿ מלכי×: | |
25And you shall make for it a frame a handbreadth [wide] all around, and you shall make a golden crown for its frame all around. | כהוְעָשִׂ֨יתָ לּ֥וֹ מִסְגֶּ֛רֶת טֹ֖פַח סָבִ֑יב וְעָשִׂ֧יתָ זֵֽר־זָהָ֛ב לְמִסְגַּרְתּ֖וֹ סָבִֽיב: | |
a frame: Heb. מִסְגֶּרֶת, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders: ×’Ö°Ö¼×“Ö·× Ö°×¤Ö¸×, a rim. The Sages of Israel differed concerning the matter. Some say that it was above [i.e., extending from the table top], around the table, like the rims at the edge of the tables of the princes. Some say that it was below [the table top], inserted from one leg to the other on the four sides of the table, and the table top lay on that frame. — [from Men. 96b] | מסגרת: כתרגומו ×’×“× ×¤×, ×•× ×—×œ×§×• חכמי ישר×ל בדבר יש ×ומרי×, למעלה היתה סביב לשולחן, כמו לבזבזין שבשפת שולחן שרי×, ויש ×ומרי×, למטה היתה תקועה מרגל לרגל ב×רבע רוחות השולחן, ודף השלחן שוכב על ×ותה מסגרת: | |
and you shall make a golden crown for its frame: That is the crown mentioned above, and here He explains to you that it was on the frame. | ועשית זר זהב למסגרתו: ×”×•× ×–×¨ ×”×מור למעלה, ופירש לך ×›×ן שעל המסגרת היתה: | |
26And you shall make for it four golden rings, and you shall place the rings on the four corners that are on its four legs. | כווְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ ×ַרְבַּ֖ע טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב ×•Ö°× Ö¸Ö½×ªÖ·×ªÖ¸Ö¼Ö™ ×ֶת־הַטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֚ל ×ַרְבַּ֣ע הַפֵּ×ֹ֔ת ×ֲשֶ×֖ר לְ×ַרְבַּ֥ע רַגְלָֽיו: | |
27The rings shall be opposite the frame as holders for the poles [with which] to carry the table. | כזלְעֻמַּת֙ הַמִּסְגֶּ֔רֶת תִּֽהְיֶ֖יןָ הַטַּבָּעֹ֑ת ×œÖ°×‘Ö¸×ªÖ´Ö¼Ö£×™× ×œÖ°×‘Ö·×“Ö´Ö¼Ö”×™× ×œÖ¸×©Öµ×‚Ö–×ת ×ֶת־הַשֻּ×לְחָֽן: | |
The rings shall be opposite the frame: on the legs, inserted opposite the ends of the frame. | לעמת המסגרת תהיין הטבעות: ×‘×¨×’×œ×™× ×ª×§×•×¢×•×ª ×›× ×’×“ ר×שי המסגרת: | |
as holders for the poles: Those rings shall be holders in which to insert the poles. | ×œ×‘×ª×™× ×œ×‘×“×™×: ×ותן הטבעות יהיו ×‘×ª×™× ×œ×”×›× ×™×¡ בהן הבדי×: | |
as holders: Heb. לְבָתִּי×, for the purpose of holders. | לבתי×: לצורך בתי×: | |
for the poles: Heb. לְבַדִּי×, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders: ×Ö·×ªÖ°×¨Ö¸× ×œÖ·×ִרִיחַיָ×, a place for the poles. | לבדי×: כתרגומו ××ª×¨× ×œ×ריחי×: | |
28And you shall make the poles of acacia wood, and you shall overlay them with gold, and the table shall be carried with them. | כחוְעָשִׂ֤יתָ ×ֶת־הַבַּדִּי×Ö™ עֲצֵ֣י שִ××˜Ö´Ö¼Ö”×™× ×•Ö°×¦Ö´×¤Ö´Ö¼×™×ªÖ¸Ö¥ ×Ö¹×ªÖ¸Ö–× ×–Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö‘×‘ ×•Ö°× Ö´×©Ö¸Ö¼×‚×Ö¾×‘Ö¸Ö–× ×ֶת־הַשֻּ×לְחָֽן: | |
shall be carried with them: Heb. ×•Ö°× Ö´×©Ö¸×‚×-בָ×, the passive voice. The table shall be carried with them [by the poles]. | ×•× ×©× ×‘×: לשון × ×¤×¢×œ, ×™×”×™×” × ×©× ×‘× ×ת השלחן: | |
29And you shall make its forms, its spoons, its half pipes, and its supports with which it will be covered; of pure gold you shall make them. | כטוְעָשִׂ֨יתָ קְּעָֽרֹתָ֜יו וְכַפֹּתָ֗יו וּקְשׂוֹתָיו֙ ×•Ö¼×žÖ°× Ö·×§Ö´Ö¼×™Ö¹Ö¼×ªÖ¸Ö”×™×• ×ֲשֶ×֥ר יֻסַּ֖ךְ בָּהֵ֑ן זָהָ֥ב טָה֖וֹר תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה ×ֹתָֽ×: | |
And you shall make its forms, its spoons: Heb. קְּעָרֹתָיו וְכַפֹּתָיו. קְּעָרֹתָיו is the form that was made according to the shape of the bread (Men. 97a). The bread was made in the shape of a type of box without a cover. It had a flat bottom (Men. 94b) and it would be bent upward on both sides [forming something] similar to walls. Therefore, it is called ×œÖ¶×—Ö¶× ×”Ö·×¤Ö¸Ö¼× Ö´×™×, literally, the bread of faces, because it has faces looking in both directions-toward the sides of the house [Mishkan] from here [in one direction] and from there [in the other direction]. It was placed lengthwise across the width of the table, and its walls stood vertically opposite the edge of the table. A golden form and an iron form were made for it. It was baked [on Fridays] in the iron form, and when it was taken out of the oven, it would be placed in the golden form until the next day, which was the Sabbath, when it would be arranged on the table. That form is called קְעָרָה. | ועשית קערתיו וכפתיו: קערותיו ×–×” הדפוס שהיה עשוי כדפוס הלח×, ×•×”×œ×—× ×”×™×” עשוי כמין תיבה פרוצה משתי רוחותיה, ×©×•×œ×™× ×œ×• למטה וקופל מכ×ן ומכ×ן כלפי מעלה כמין כתלי×, ולכך קרוי ×œ×—× ×”×¤× ×™×, שיש לו ×¤× ×™× ×¨×•×ין לכ×ן ולכ×ן לצדי הבית מזה ומזה, ×•× ×•×ª×Ÿ ×רכו לרחבו של שולחן, וכתליו ×–×§×•×¤×™× ×›× ×’×“ שפת השלחן, והיה עשוי לו דפוס זהב ודפוס ברזל, בשל ברזל ×”×•× × ×פה וכשמוצי×ו מן ×”×ª× ×•×¨ × ×•×ª× ×• בשל זהב עד למחר בשבת שמסדרו על השלחן, ו×ותו הדפוס קרוי קערה: | |
its spoons: Heb. וְכַפֹּתָיו. They were the spoons in which the frankincense was placed. There were two [spoons meant] for the two handfuls of frankincense that were placed beside the two stacks, as it is said: “And you shall place beside the stack pure frankincense” (Lev. 24:7). -[from Men. 97a] | וכפתיו: בזיכין ×©× ×•×ª× ×™× ×‘×”× ×œ×‘×•× ×”, ×•×©×ª×™× ×”×™×• ×œ×©× ×™ קומצי ×œ×‘×•× ×” ×©× ×•×ª× ×™×Ÿ על שתי המערכות, ×©× ×מר (×•×™×§×¨× ×›×“ ×–) ×•× ×ª×ª על המערכת ×œ×‘×•× ×” ×–×›×”: | |
its half-pipes: Heb. וּקְש×וֹתָיו. They are sort of half-tubes, hollow and split along their length. They are similar to the tubes made of gold. Three [tubes] were arranged over each bread, so that each bread would rest upon those tubes. They would separate one bread from the other so that air would enter between them and they [the bread] would not grow moldy. In Arabic, any hollow thing is called kaswa. — [from Men. 96a, 97a] | וקשותיו: הן כמין חצ××™ ×§× ×™× ×—×œ×•×œ×™× ×”× ×¡×“×§×™×Ÿ ל×רכן דוגמתן עשה של זהב ומסדר שלשה על ר×ש כל לח×, שישב ×œ×—× ×”×חד על גבי ×ותן ×”×§× ×™× ×•×ž×‘×“×™×œ×™×Ÿ בין ×œ×—× ×œ×œ×—× ×›×“×™ ×©×ª×›× ×¡ הרוח ×‘×™× ×™×”× ×•×œ× ×™×ª×¢×¤×©×•, ובלשון ערבי כל דבר חלול קרוי קסו"×”: | |
and its supports: Heb. ×•Ö¼×žÖ°× Ö·×§Ö¼×™Ö¹×ªÖ¸×™×•. Its Aramaic translation is וּמְכִילָתֵיהּ, [meaning] and its bearers. They are branches like golden pegs [Mizrachi explains that they were like columns] standing on the ground and reaching a considerable height upwards above the table, corresponding to the height of the stack of bread. [They were] notched with six (Mizrachi-five) notches, one above the other, and the ends of the pipes between one bread and another were supported by these branches so that the burden of the upper breads should not weigh down on the lower ones and cause them to break. The derivation of מְכִילָתֵיהּ is “its bearers,” similar to “I am weary of bearing [it] (הָכִיל)” (Jer. 6:11). But I do not know how the ×žÖ°× Ö·×§Ö´Ö¼×™×•Ö¹×ª applies to branches. Other Sages of Israel say that קְשׂתָיו refers to the branches, which harden (מְקֻשוֹת) it [the showbread] and strengthen it so that it does not break, and ×žÖ°× Ö·×§Ö´Ö¼×™×•Ö¹×ªÖ¸×™×• refers to the pipes, which clean (×žÖ°× Ö·×§Ö´Ö¼×™×Ÿ) [the bread] so that it should not become moldy (Men. 96a). But Onkelos, who rendered [×žÖ°× Ö·×§Ö´Ö¼×™×•Ö¹×ªÖ¸×™×• as] מְכִילָתֵיהּ, understood it in a similar way to the words of the one [Sage] who says [that] ×žÖ°× Ö·×§Ö´Ö¼×™×•Ö¹×ª are branches. | ×•×ž× ×§×™×ª×™×•: תרגומו ומכילתיה, הן ×¡× ×™×¤×™×, כמין יתדות זהב עומדין ב×רץ ×•×’×‘×•×”×™× ×¢×“ למעלה מן השולחן הרבה ×›× ×’×“ גובה מערכת הלח×, ×•×ž×¤×•×¦×œ×™× ×©×©×” ×¤×¦×•×œ×™× ×–×” למעלה מזה, ור×שי ×”×§× ×™× ×©×‘×™×Ÿ ×œ×—× ×œ×œ×—× ×¡×ž×•×›×™×Ÿ על ×ותן פצולין, כדי ×©×œ× ×™×›×‘×“ ×ž×©× ×”×œ×—× ×”×¢×œ×™×•× ×™× ×¢×œ ×”×ª×—×ª×•× ×™× ×•×™×©×‘×¨×• ולשון מכילתיה, סובלותיו, כמו (ירמיהו ו ×™×) × ×œ×יתי הכיל, ×בל לשון ×ž× ×§×™×•×ª ××™× ×™ יודע, ×יך × ×•×¤×œ על ×¡× ×™×¤×™×Ÿ. ויש מחכמי ישר×ל ××•×ž×¨×™× ×§×©×•×ª×™×• ×לו ×¡× ×™×¤×™×Ÿ, שמקשין ×ותו ומחזיקין ×ותו ×©×œ× ×™×©×‘×¨, ×•×ž× ×§×™×•×ª×™×• ×לו ×”×§× ×™× ×©×ž× ×§×™×Ÿ ×ותו ×©×œ× ×™×ª×¢×¤×©, ×בל ××•× ×§×œ×•×¡ ×©×ª×¨×’× ×•×ž×›×™×œ×ª×™×” ×”×™×” ×©×•× ×” כדברי ×”×ומר ×ž× ×§×™×•×ª הן ×¡× ×™×¤×™×Ÿ: | |
with which it will be covered: Heb. ×™Ö»×¡Ö·Ö¼î ‚, [meaning] with which it will be covered. Regarding the half-pipes, [Scripture] says “with which it will be covered” because they [the half-pipes] were like a sort of roof and cover over it [the bread], and similarly elsewhere (Num. 4:7)[Scripture] says, “the half- pipes which cover (×”Ö·× Ö¸Ö¼×¡Ö¶î ‚),” and both of these [words]- ×™Ö»×¡Ö·Ö¼î ‚ and (×”Ö·× Ö¸Ö¼×¡Ö¶î ‚) Are words meaning a roof and a cover. | ×שר יסך בהן: ×שר יכוסה בהן, ועל קשותיו ×”×•× ×ומר ×שר יוסך, שהיו עליו כמין סכך וכסוי, וכן ×‘×ž×§×•× ×חר ×”×•× ×ומר (במדבר ד ×–) ו×ת קשות ×”× ×¡×š וזה וזה, יוסך ×•×”× ×¡×š, לשון סכך וכסוי ×”×: | |
30And you shall place on the table showbread before Me at all times. | ×œ×•Ö°× Ö¸Ö½×ªÖ·×ªÖ¸Ö¼Ö§ עַל־הַשֻּ×לְחָ֛ן ×œÖ¶Ö¥×—Ö¶× ×¤Ö¸Ö¼× Ö´Ö–×™× ×œÖ°×¤Ö¸× Ö·Ö¥×™ תָּמִֽיד: | |
showbread: Heb. ×œÖ¶×—Ö¶× ×¤Ö¸Ö¼× Ö´×™×, lit., bread of faces, [given this appellation] because it has faces, as I explained [on verse 29]. The number of breads and the order of their stacks are explained in [the parsha of] ×ֱמֹר ×ֶל ×”Ö·×›Ö¹Ö¼×”Ö²× Ö´×™×, “Speak to the Kohanim” (Lev. 21:1). | ×œ×—× ×¤× ×™×: שיש לו ×¤× ×™× ×›×ž×• שפירשתי, ×•×ž× ×™×Ÿ ×”×œ×—× ×•×¡×“×¨ מערכותיו ×ž×¤×•×¨×©×™× ×‘×מור ×ל ×”×›×”× ×™×: |
Third Portion
Exodus Chapter 25
31And you shall make a menorah of pure gold. The menorah shall be made of hammered work; its base and its stem, its goblets, its knobs, and its flowers shall [all] be [one piece] with it. | ל×וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ ×žÖ°× Ö¹×¨Ö·Ö–×ª זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר מִקְשָ×Öž×” תֵּֽיעָשֶׂ֤ה ×”Ö·×žÖ°Ö¼× ×•Ö¹×¨Ö¸×”Ö™ יְרֵכָ֣הּ ×•Ö°×§Ö¸× Ö¸Ö”×”Ö¼ גְּבִיעֶ֛יהָ כַּפְתֹּרֶ֥יהָ וּפְרָחֶ֖יהָ ×žÖ´×žÖ¶Ö¼Ö¥× Ö¸Ö¼×” יִֽהְיֽוּ: | |
The menorah shall be made of hammered work: [meaning] that it must not be made in sections, [which can be removed]. Its branches and its lamps should not be made individually and then attached, as is the custom of the smiths [through a process] called solderez [in French], soldering, but it [the menorah] must come [be constructed] entirely from one piece [of gold]-beaten with a hammer and cut with a tool, and the branches separated on both sides. — [from Baraitha Melecheth HaMishkan.] | מקשה תעשה ×”×ž× ×•×¨×”: ×©×œ× ×™×¢×©× ×” חוליות, ×•×œ× ×™×¢×©×” ×§× ×™×” ×•× ×¨×•×ª×™×” ××™×‘×¨×™× ×יברי×, ו×חר כך ×™×“×‘×™×§× ×›×“×¨×š הצורפין, שקורין שולדי"ר בלעז [להלחי×] ××œ× ×›×•×œ×” ב××” מחתיכה ×חת, ומקיש ×‘×§×•×¨× ×¡ וחותך בכלי ×”××•×ž× ×•×ª ומפריד ×”×§× ×™× ×ילך ו×ילך: | |
of hammered work: Heb. מִקְשָ××”. Its Aramaic translation is × Ö°×’Ö´×™×“, an expression of drawing out, [meaning] that he draws the parts out of the block of gold on either side by beating [it] with a hammer. The word מִקְשָ××” means the blow of a hammer, batediz in Old French, hammered, like “knocked (× Ö¸×§Ö°×©Ö¸×ן) one against the other” (Dan. 5:6). | מקשה: תרגומו × ×’×™×“, לשון המשכה שממשיך ×ת ×”××™×‘×¨×™× ×ž×Ÿ העשת לכ×ן ולכ×ן בהקשת ×”×§×•×¨× ×¡, ולשון מקשה מכת ×§×•×¨× ×¡, בטידי"×¥ בלעז [עשוי בהכ××”] כמו (×“× ×™×ל ×” ו) ×“× ×œ×“× × ×§×©×Ÿ): | |
the menorah shall be made: By itself. Since Moses found difficulty with it [i.e., figuring out how to form the menorah], the Holy One, blessed is He, said to him, “Cast the talent [equivalent to sixty-four pounds of gold] into the fire, and it will be made by itself.” Therefore, it is not written: ךְתֵּעָשֶׂה but ךְתֵּיעָשֶׂה. -[from Tan. Beha’alothecha 3] | תיעשה ×”×ž× ×•×¨×”: מ×ליה, לפי שהיה משה מתקשה בה, ×מר לו הקב"×” השלך ×ת הככר ל×ור ×•×”×™× × ×¢×©×™×ª מ×ליה, לכך ×œ× × ×›×ª×‘ תעשה: | |
its base: This refers to the foot on the bottom [of the menorah], which was made like a box with three legs coming out of it [protruding] downwards. | ירכה: ×”×•× ×”×¨×’×œ של מטה העשוי כמין תיבה, ושלשה ×¨×’×œ×™× ×™×•×¦×ין ×”×™×ž× ×” ולמטה: | |
and its stem: [This refers to] its central stem rising from the middle of the base, erected upward. At the top of it was the middle lamp, made like a spoon, into which the oil was poured and the wick inserted. | ×•×§× ×”: ×”×§× ×” ×”×מצעי שלה העולה ב×מצע הירך זקוף כלפי מעלה, ועליו × ×¨ ×”×מצעי עשוי כמין בזך לצוק השמן לתוכו ולתת הפתילה: | |
its goblets: They are a sort of cups made of glass, long and narrow, which are called maderins [in Old French], long, slender glass goblets. These, however, were made of gold, and they protruded from every branch according to the number prescribed by the text. They were [placed] on it [the menorah] only for beauty. | גביעיה: הן כמין כוסות שעושין מזכוכית ××¨×•×›×™× ×•×§×¦×¨×™×, וקורין ×œ×”× ×ž×“×¨×™× "ש בלעז [גביעי×], ו×לו עשויין מזהב ובולטין ויוצ×ין מכל ×§× ×” ×•×§× ×” ×›×ž× ×™×Ÿ ×©× ×ª×Ÿ ×‘×”× ×”×›×ª×•×‘, ×•×œ× ×”×™×• בה ××œ× ×œ× ×•×™: | |
its knobs: [They were] like sort of round apples all around [the branch], protruding [outward] around the middle branch, in the style of the menoroth that are made for princes. They are called pomeles [in French], apple-shaped knobs (Men. 28b). Their number is prescribed in this parsha, [i.e.,] how many knobs protruded from it and how much [space] was [left] unadorned between one knob and another knob. | כפתריה: כמין ×ª×¤×•×—×™× ×¢×’×•×œ×™×Ÿ סביב, בולטין סביבות ×”×§× ×” ×”×מצעי, כדרך שעושין ×œ×ž× ×•×¨×•×ª ×©×œ×¤× ×™ ×”×©×¨×™× ×•×§×•×¨×™×Ÿ ×œ×”× ×¤×•×ž×™×œ"ש בלעז [כפתורי×], ×•×ž× ×™×Ÿ ×©×œ×”× ×›×ª×•×‘ בפרשה, כמה ×›×¤×ª×•×¨×™× ×‘×•×œ×˜×™×Ÿ ×ž×ž× ×”, וכמה חלק בין כפתור לכפתור: | |
and its flowers: Engravings made on it like a sort of flowers. | ופרחיה: ציורין עשויין בה כמין פרחי×: | |
shall [all] be [one piece] with it: Everything shall be of hammered work, out of the solid block [of gold], and not made separately and then attached [to the main stem]. | ×ž×ž× ×” יהיו: הכל מקשה ×™×•×¦× ×ž×ª×•×š חתיכת העשת, ×•×œ× ×™×¢×©× ×œ×‘×“× ×•×™×“×‘×™×§×: | |
32And six branches coming out of its sides: three menorah branches from its one side and three menorah branches from its second side. | לבוְשִ×שָּ×Ö£×” ×§Ö¸× Ö´Ö”×™× ×™Ö¹Ö½×¦Ö°×Ö´Ö–×™× ×žÖ´×¦Ö´Ö¼×“Ö¶Ö¼Ö‘×™×”Ö¸ שְ×לשָ×Ö£×” | ×§Ö°× ÖµÖ£×™ ×žÖ°× Ö¹×¨Ö¸Ö—×” מִצִּדָּהּ֙ ×”Ö¸Ö½×ֶחָ֔ד וּשְ×לשָ××”Ö™ ×§Ö°× ÖµÖ£×™ ×žÖ°× Ö¹×¨Ö¸Ö”×” מִצִּדָּ֖הּ הַשֵּ×× Ö´Ö½×™: | |
coming out of its sides: from here and there [in each direction] diagonally, drawn upwards until [they reached] the height of the menorah, which is the middle stem. They came out of the middle stem, one higher than the others: the bottom one was longest, the one above it was shorter than it, and the highest one shorter than that, because the height of their ends [at their tops] was equal to the height of the seventh, middle stem, out of which the six branches extended. | יצ××™× ×ž×¦×“×™×”: לכ×ן ולכ×ן ב×לכסון, × ×ž×©×›×™× ×•×¢×•×œ×™×Ÿ עד ×›× ×’×“ גובהה של ×ž× ×•×¨×”, ×©×”×•× ×§× ×” ×”×מצעי, ויוצ×ין מתוך ×§× ×” ×”×מצעי ×–×” למעלה מזה, התחתון ×רוך, ושל מעלה קצר ×”×™×ž× ×• והעליון קצר ×”×™×ž× ×•, לפי שהיה גובה ר×שיהן שוה לגובהו של ×§× ×” ×”×מצעי השביעי, ×©×ž×ž× ×• יוצ××™× ×©×©×ª ×”×§× ×™×: | |
33Three decorated goblets on one branch, a knob and a flower, and three decorated goblets on one branch, a knob and a flower; so for the six branches that come out of the menorah. | לגשְ×לשָ×Ö£×” ×’Ö°Ö ×‘Ö´×¢Ö´Ö ×™× ×žÖ°×©Ö»××§Ö¸Ö¼×“Ö´Öž×™× ×‘Ö·Ö¼×§Ö¸Ö¼× Ö¶Ö£×” ×”Ö¸Ö½×ֶחָד֘ כַּפְתֹּ֣ר וָפֶ֒רַח֒ וּשְ×לשָ×Ö£×” ×’Ö°×‘Ö´×¢Ö´Ö—×™× ×žÖ°×©Ö»××§Ö¸Ö¼×“Ö´Ö›×™× ×‘Ö·Ö¼×§Ö¸Ö¼× Ö¶Ö¥×” ×”Ö¸Ö½×ֶחָ֖ד כַּפְתֹּ֣ר וָפָ֑רַח כֵּ֚ן לְשֵ×֣שֶ×ת ×”Ö·×§Ö¸Ö¼× Ö´Ö”×™× ×”Ö·×™Ö¹Ö¼Ö½×¦Ö°×Ö´Ö–×™× ×žÖ´×ŸÖ¾×”Ö·×žÖ°Ö¼× Ö¹×¨Ö¸Ö½×”: | |
decorated: Heb. מְשֻ×קָּדִי×, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders מְצַיְירִין. They were decorated in the manner that silver and gold vessels are made, which is called nieler [in Old French, nieller in modern French, niello in English]. | משקדי×: כתרגומו, ×ž×¦×•×™×™×¨×™× ×”×™×• כדרך שעושין לכלי כסף וזהב שקורין × ×™×™×œ×™"ר [לגפר]: | |
and three decorated goblets: protruding from each branch. | ושלשה גבעי×: בולטין מכל ×§× ×” ×•×§× ×”: | |
a knob and a flower: were on each branch. | כפתר ופרח: ×”×™×” לכל ×§× ×” ×•×§× ×”: | |
34And on [the stem of] the menorah [shall be] four decorated goblets, its knobs and its flowers. | ×œ×“×•Ö¼×‘Ö·×žÖ°Ö¼× Ö¹×¨Ö¸Ö–×” ×ַרְבָּעָ֣ה ×’Ö°×‘Ö´×¢Ö´Ö‘×™× ×žÖ°×©Ö»×Ö¨×§Ö¸Ö¼×“Ö´Ö”×™× ×›Ö·Ö¼×¤Ö°×ªÖ¹Ö¼×¨Ö¶Ö–×™×”Ö¸ וּפְרָחֶֽיהָ: | |
And on [the stem of] the menorah [shall be] four… goblets: On the main stem of the menorah were four goblets: one protruding on it below the branches and three above the exit of the three branches that extended outwards from its sides. | ×•×‘×ž× ×¨×” ×רבעה גבעי×: בגופה של ×ž× ×•×¨×” היו ×רבעה ×’×‘×™×¢×™× ×חד בולט בה למטה מן ×”×§× ×™×, והשלשה למעלה מן יצי×ת ×”×§× ×™× ×”×™×•×¦××™× ×ž×¦×“×™×”: | |
decorated…its knobs and its flowers: This is one of the five verses whose meaning cannot be determined. It is unknown whether [to read] “decorated goblets” or “decorated its knobs and its flowers."-[from Yoma 52b] | ×ž×©×§×“×™× ×›×¤×ª×¨×™×” ופרחיה: ×–×” ×חד מחמשה מקר×ות ש×ין ×œ×”× ×”×›×¨×¢, ש×ין ידוע ×× ×’×‘×™×¢×™× ×ž×©×•×§×“×™× ×ו ×ž×©×•×§×“×™× ×›×¤×ª×•×¨×™×” ופרחיה: | |
35And a knob under the two branches from it, and a knob under the two branches from it, and a knob under the two branches from it; so for the six branches that come out of the menorah. | להוְכַפְתֹּ֡ר תַּ֩חַת֩ שְ×Ö¨× Öµ×™ ×”Ö·×§Ö¸Ö¼× Ö´Öœ×™× ×žÖ´×žÖ¶Ö¼Ö—× Ö¸Ö¼×” וְכַפְתֹּר֙ תַּ֣חַת שְ×× ÖµÖ¤×™ ×”Ö·×§Ö¸Ö¼× Ö´×™×Ö™ ×žÖ´×žÖ¶Ö¼Ö”× Ö¸Ö¼×” וְכַפְתֹּ֕ר תַּֽחַת־שְ×× ÖµÖ¥×™ ×”Ö·×§Ö¸Ö¼× Ö´Ö–×™× ×žÖ´×žÖ¶Ö¼Ö‘× Ö¸Ö¼×” לְשֵ×֨שֶ×ת֙ ×”Ö·×§Ö¸Ö¼× Ö´Ö”×™× ×”Ö·×™Ö¹Ö¼Ö½×¦Ö°×Ö´Ö–×™× ×žÖ´×ŸÖ¾×”Ö·×žÖ°Ö¼× Ö¹×¨Ö¸Ö½×”: | |
And a knob under the two branches: From the knob, the branches extended from its two sides in either direction. This is what we learned in the [Baraitha] Melecheth HaMishkan [ch. 10, Men. 28b, 29a]: The height of the menorah was eighteen handbreadths. [This total is arrived at as follows:] The feet [of the menorah] and the [lowest] flower were three handbreadths. That is the flower mentioned in connection with the base, as it is said: “to its base, to its flower” (Num. 8:4). Then two handbreadths [above this were] unadorned, and a handbreadth [above that] in which [there] was a goblet-[namely one] of the four goblets [mentioned in verse 34]-and a knob and a flower of the two knobs and the two flowers mentioned in connection with the menorah itself, as it is said [on verse 34]: “decorated…its knobs and its flowers.” We learn that on the main stem there were two knobs and two flowers, in addition to the three knobs from which the branches extended, as it is said [here]: “And a knob under the two branches.” And [above the lowest branches were] two handbreadths unadorned, and a handbreadth with a knob and two branches coming out of it on either side, extending upward, opposite the height of the menorah, and one handbreadth unadorned, and a handbreadth with a knob and two branches coming out of it, and one handbreadth unadorned, and a handbreadth with a knob and two branches coming out of it, extending upward, opposite the height of the menorah, and two handbreadths unadorned. [Hence,] three handbreadths remain, in which there were three goblets, a knob, and a flower. The goblets were found to number twenty-two: eighteen for the six branches [of the menorah]-three for each one-and four on the menorah itself, totaling twenty-two. And [there were] eleven knobs-six on the six branches [one on each branch], three on the menorah itself, from which the branches extended, and two more on the menorah, as it is said [in verse 34]: “decorated…its knobs,” [which means two knobs] since the minimum of [the plural] “knobs” is two. One [knob was] below, next to the base, and one in the top three handbreadths [together] with the three goblets. And it [the menorah] had nine flowers: six on the six branches [one on each branch] as it is said [in verse 33]: “on one branch, [there was] a knob and a flower,” and three [flowers] on the menorah [itself], as it is said [here], "decorated…its knobs and its flowers"-the minimum of [the plural] “flowers” is two, and one [additional flower is] mentioned in the parsha Beha’alothecha: “to its base to its flower” (Num. 8:4). If you carefully study this Mishnah that is written above, you will find them [the decorations of the menorah] according to their number, each one in its place. — [from Men. 28b] | וכפתר תחת ×©× ×™ ×”×§× ×™×: מתוך הכפתור היו ×”×§× ×™× × ×ž×©×›×™× ×ž×©× ×™ צדיה ×ילך ו×ילך. כך ×©× ×™× ×• במל×כת המשכן (פרק ×™) גובהה של ×ž× ×•×¨×” ×©×ž×•× ×” עשר טפחי×, ×”×¨×’×œ×™× ×•×”×¤×¨×— שלשה טפחי×, ×”×•× ×”×¤×¨×— ×”×מור בירך, ×©× ×מר (במדבר ×— ד) עד ירכה עד פרחה, ×•×˜×¤×—×™×™× ×—×œ×§, וטפח שבו גביע מה×רבעה גביעי×, וכפתור ופרח ×ž×©× ×™ ×›×¤×ª×•×¨×™× ×•×©× ×™ ×¤×¨×—×™× ×”××ž×•×¨×™× ×‘×ž× ×•×¨×” עצמה, ×©× ×מר ×ž×©×•×§×“×™× ×›×¤×ª×•×¨×™×” ופרחיה, ×œ×ž×“× ×• שהיו ×‘×§× ×” ×©× ×™ ×›×¤×ª×•×¨×™× ×•×©× ×™ ×¤×¨×—×™× ×œ×‘×“ מן השלשה כפתורי×, ×©×”×§× ×™× × ×ž×©×›×™×Ÿ מתוכן, ×©× ×מר וכפתור תחת ×©× ×™ ×”×§× ×™×, וגו' ×•×˜×¤×—×™× ×—×œ×§, וטפח כפתור ×•×©× ×™ ×§× ×™× ×™×•×¦××™× ×ž×ž× ×• ×ילך ו×ילך × ×ž×©×›×™× ×•×¢×•×œ×™× ×›× ×’×“ גובהה של ×ž× ×•×¨×”, ×•×˜×¤×—×™×™× ×—×œ×§, וטפח כפתור ×•×©× ×™ ×§× ×™× ×™×•×¦××™× ×ž×ž× ×•, ×•×˜×¤×—×™×™× ×—×œ×§ וטפח כפתור ×•×©× ×™ ×§× ×™× ×™×•×¦××™× ×ž×ž× ×• ×•× ×ž×©×›×™× ×•×¢×•×œ×™×Ÿ ×›× ×’×“ גובהה של ×ž× ×•×¨×” ×•×˜×¤×—×™×™× ×—×œ×§, × ×©×ª×™×™×¨×• ×©× ×©×œ×©×” טפחי×, ×©×‘×”× ×©×œ×©×” ×’×‘×™×¢×™× ×•×›×¤×ª×•×¨ ופרח. × ×ž×¦×ו ×’×‘×™×¢×™× ×¢×©×¨×™× ×•×©× ×™× ×©×ž×•× ×” עשר לששה ×§× ×™×, שלשה לכל ×חד ו×חד, ו×רבעה בגופה של ×ž× ×•×¨×”, הרי ×¢×©×¨×™× ×•×©× ×™×, ו×חד עשר ×›×¤×ª×•×¨×™× ×©×©×” בששת ×”×§× ×™×, ושלשה בגופה של ×ž× ×•×¨×”, ×©×”×§× ×™× ×™×•×¦××™× ×ž×”×, ×•×©× ×™×™× ×¢×•×“ ×‘×ž× ×•×¨×”, ×©× ×מר ×ž×©×•×§×“×™× ×›×¤×ª×•×¨×™×”, מיעוט ×›×¤×ª×•×¨×™× ×©× ×™× ×”×חד למטה ×צל הירך, וה×חד בשלשת ×˜×¤×—×™× ×”×¢×œ×™×•× ×™× ×¢× ×©×œ×©×ª הגביעי×, ותשעה ×¤×¨×—×™× ×”×™×• לה ששה לששת ×”×§× ×™×, ×©× ×מר (פסוק לג) ×‘×§× ×” ×”×חד כפתור ופרח, ושלשה ×œ×ž× ×•×¨×”, ×©× ×מר ×ž×©×•×§×“×™× ×›×¤×ª×•×¨×™×” ופרחיה, ומיעוט ×¤×¨×—×™× ×©× ×™×, ו×חד ×”×מור בפרשת בהעלותך (במדבר ×— ד) עד ירכה עד פרחה. ו×× ×ª×“×§×“×§ ×‘×ž×©× ×” זו הכתובה למעלה, תמצ×× ×›×ž× ×™× × ×יש ×יש במקומו: | |
36Their knobs and their branches shall [all] be [one piece] with it; all of it [shall be] one hammered mass of pure gold. | ×œ×•×›Ö·Ö¼×¤Ö°×ªÖ¹Ö¼Ö½×¨Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö¥× ×•Ö¼×§Ö°× Ö¹×ªÖ¸Ö–× ×žÖ´×žÖ¶Ö¼Ö£× Ö¸Ö¼×” יִֽהְי֑וּ כֻּלָּ֛הּ מִקְשָ×Ö¥×” ×ַחַ֖ת זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר: | |
37And you shall make its lamps seven, and he shall kindle its lamps [so that they] shed light toward its face. | לזוְעָשִׂ֥יתָ ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾× ÖµÖ½×¨Ö¹×ªÖ¶Ö–×™×”Ö¸ שִ×בְעָ֑ה וְהֶֽעֱלָה֙ ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾× ÖµÖ£×¨Ö¹×ªÖ¶Ö”×™×”Ö¸ וְהֵ×ִ֖יר עַל־עֵ֥בֶר ×¤Ö¸Ö¼× Ö¶Ö½×™×”Ö¸: | |
its lamps: [They were] sort of cups into which the oil and the wicks were put. | ×ת × ×¨×ª×™×”: כמין בזיכין ×©× ×•×ª× ×™×Ÿ ×‘×ª×•×›× ×”×©×ž×Ÿ והפתילות: | |
[so that they] shed light toward its face: [Namely,] make the openings of the six lamps [which were] at the top of the branches that extend from of its [the menorah’s] sides, turned toward the middle one, so that when the lamps were lit they would shed light עֵבֶר ×¤Ö¸Ö¼× Ö¶×™×”Ö¸, towards [or in the direction of] its face. Their light should be turned towards the face of the middle branch, which is the body of the menorah. | וה×יר על עבר ×¤× ×™×”: עשה ששת ×”× ×¨×•×ª שבר×שי ×”×§× ×™×, היוצ××™× ×ž×¦×“×™×”, ×ž×¡×•×‘×™× ×›×œ×¤×™ ×”×מצעי, כדי שיהיו ×”× ×¨×•×ª ×›×©×ª×“×œ×™×§× ×ž××™×¨×™× ×ל עבר ×¤× ×™×”, מוסב ××•×¨× ×ל צד ×¤× ×™ ×”×§× ×” ×”×מצעי, ×©×”×•× ×’×•×£ ×”×ž× ×•×¨×”: | |
38And its tongs and its scoops [shall be] of pure gold. | לחוּמַלְקָחֶ֥יהָ וּמַחְתֹּתֶ֖יהָ זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר: | |
And its tongs: Heb. וּמַלְקָחֶיהָ. They are the tongs made to take the wicks from the oil, to set them in place and to draw them into the mouths of the lamps. Since they [are used for] taking (לוֹקְחִי×) [the wicks] with them, they are called מֶלְקָחַיִ×, a pair of “takers.” [The Aramaic word] וְצִבְיָתָהָ×, which Onkelos renders [for וּמַלְקָחֶיהָ], is a term related to צְבַת, tenailles in French, tongs. | ומלקחיה: ×”× ×”×¦×‘×ª×™× ×”×¢×©×•×™×™×Ÿ ליקח ×‘×”× ×”×¤×ª×™×œ×” מתוך השמן לישבן ולמושכן בפי ×”× ×¨×•×ª, ועל ×©× ×©×œ×•×§×—×™× ×‘×”× ×§×¨×•×™×™× ×ž×œ×§×—×™×. ×•×¦×‘×™×ª×”× ×©×ª×¨×’× ××•× ×§×œ×•×¡, לשון צבת, ×˜×™× ×œ×™×™"× ×‘×œ×¢×– [צבת]: | |
and its scoops: Heb. וּמַחְךְתֹּתֶיהָ. They are a kind of small cup with which he [the kohen] would scoop the ashes that are in the lamp every morning when he [the kohen] cleaned the lamps from the ashes of the wicks that burned during the night and were [now] extinguished. The word מַחְךְתָּה is [the equivalent of] poseydure [or poysedure] in Old French, a little shovel [or] ash pan, like “to scoop (לַחְךְתּוֹת) fire from a hearth” (Isa. 30:14). | ומחתתיה: ×”× ×›×ž×™×Ÿ בזיכין ×§×˜× ×™×, שחותה בהן ×ת ×”×פר ×©×‘× ×¨ בבקר בבקר, ×›×©×”×•× ×ž×˜×™×‘ ×ת ×”× ×¨×•×ª מ×פר הפתילות, שדלקו הלילה וכבו, ולשון מחתה פוישידויר"× ×‘×œ×¢×– [×™×¢×”], כמו (ישעיה ל יד) לחתות ×ש מיקוד: | |
39He shall make it of a talent of pure gold, with all these implements. | לטכִּכַּ֛ר זָהָ֥ב טָה֖וֹר יַֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה ×ֹתָ֑הּ ×ֵ֥ת ×›Ö¸Ö¼×œÖ¾×”Ö·×›ÖµÖ¼×œÖ´Ö–×™× ×”Ö¸×ֵֽלֶּה: | |
a talent pure gold: Heb. כִּכַּר.[This means] that its weight along with all its implements shall be nothing but a talent, no less and no more. The talent used for mundane matters was sixty maneh, and the one used for holy matters was double, thus one hundred twenty maneh (Bech. 5a). The maneh is the litra with which silver is weighed according to the weight used in Cologne, which is the equivalent of one hundred gold pieces [or] twenty-five selas, for the sela is equivalent to four gold pieces. [This is the equivalent of sixty-four pounds.] | ככר זהב טהור: ×©×œ× ×™×”×™×” משקלה ×¢× ×›×œ כליה ××œ× ×›×›×¨, ×œ× ×¤×—×•×ª ×•×œ× ×™×•×ª×¨, והככר של חול ×©×©×™× ×ž× ×” ושל קדש ×”×™×” כפול, מ××” ×¢×©×¨×™× ×ž× ×”, ×•×”×ž× ×” ×”×•× ×œ×™×˜×¨× ×©×©×•×§×œ×™×Ÿ בה כסף למשקל ×§×•×œ×•× ×™"× ×•×”× ×ž××” זהובי×, ×¢×©×¨×™× ×•×—×ž×©×” ×¡×œ×¢×™× ×•×”×¡×œ×¢ ×רבעה זהובי×: | |
40Now see and make according to their pattern, which you are shown on the mountain. | מוּרְ×ÖµÖ–×” וַֽעֲשֵׂ֑ה ×‘Ö°Ö¼×ªÖ·Ö¨×‘Ö°× Ö´×™×ªÖ¸Ö”× ×ֲשֶ×ר־×ַתָּ֥ה מָרְ×Ö¶Ö–×” בָּהָֽר: | |
Now see and make: See here on the mountain the pattern that I am showing you. [This] informs us that Moses had difficulties with the construction of the menorah, until the Holy One, blessed is He, showed him a [model] menorah of fire. -[from Men. 29a] | ור××” ועשה: ר××” ×›×ן בהר ×ª×‘× ×™×ª ש×× ×™ מר××” ×ותך, מגיד ×©× ×ª×§×©×” משה במעשה ×”×ž× ×•×¨×”, עד שהר××” לו הקב"×” ×ž× ×•×¨×” של ×ש: | |
which you are shown: Heb. ×ִשֶ×ר-×ַךְתָּה מָרְ×ֶה, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders: דִי ×ַךְתְּ מִתְחַזֵי, which you are shown. If it were punctuated מַרְ×ֶה with a “pattach,” it would mean that you show others. Now that it is punctuated with a short “kamatz,” it means that you are shown, that others show you, (for the punctuation distinguishes between the active and the passive). | ×שר ×תה מר××”: כתרגומו ד×ת מתחזי בטור×, ×לו ×”×™×” × ×§×•×“ מר××” בפת"×—, ×”×™×” ×¤×ª×¨×•× ×• ×תה מר××” ל×חרי×, עכשיו ×©× ×§×•×“ חטף קמ"×¥, ×¤×ª×¨×•× ×• ד×ת מתחזי, ש××—×¨×™× ×ž×¨××™× ×œ×š, ×©×”× ×§×•×“ מפריד בין עושה ×œ× ×¢×©×”: |
Exodus Chapter 26
1"And the Mishkan you shall make out of ten curtains [consisting] of twisted fine linen, and blue, purple, and crimson wool. A cherubim design of the work of a master weaver you shall make them. | ×וְ×ֶת־הַמִּשְ×כָּ֥ן תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֖ה עֶ֣שֶׂר יְרִיעֹ֑ת שֵ×Ö£×©× ×žÖ¸×©Ö°×זָ֗ר וּתְכֵ֤לֶת וְ×ַרְגָּמָן֙ וְתֹלַ֣עַת שָ×× Ö´Ö”×™ ×›Ö°Ö¼×¨Ö»×‘Ö´Ö›×™× ×žÖ·Ö½×¢Ö²×©Öµ×‚Ö¥×” חשֵ×֖ב תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה ×ֹתָֽ×: | |
And the Mishkan you shall make out of ten curtains: to be its roof and [cover its] walls outside the planks, for the curtains are hung behind them to cover them. | ו×ת המשכן תעשה עשר יריעות: להיות לו לגג ולמחיצות מחוץ ×œ×§×¨×©×™× ×©×”×™×¨×™×¢×•×ª תלויות מ×חוריהן לכסותן: | |
of twisted fine linen, and blue, purple, and crimson wool: Thus there are four kinds [of material] together in each thread, one of linen and three of wool, and each thread was doubled six times. Thus, four kinds [of material], when they are twisted together, yield twenty-four strands to a thread. — [from Baraitha Melecheth HaMishkan, ch. 2, Yoma 71b] | שש משזר ותכלת ו×רגמן ותולעת ×©× ×™: הרי ×רבע ×ž×™× ×™×Ÿ יחד בכל חוט וחוט ×חד של ×¤×©×ª×™× ×•×©×œ×©×” של צמר, וכל חוט וחוט כפול ששה הרי ×רבעה ×ž×™× ×™×Ÿ, כשהן שזורין יחד, ×¢×©×¨×™× ×•×רבע ×›×¤×œ×™× ×œ×—×•×˜: | |
A cherubim design of the work of a master weaver: Cherubim were drawn on them [the curtains] in their weave; not with embroidery, which is needlework, but with weaving on both sides, one face from here [one side] and one face from there [the other side]: a lion from this side and an eagle from that side, as silk girdles, called feysses in Old French, are woven. — [from Yoma 72b] | ×›×¨×‘×™× ×ž×¢×©×” חשב: ×›×¨×•×‘×™× ×”×™×• מצויירין ×‘×”× ×‘×ריגתן, ×•×œ× ×‘×¨×§×™×ž×” ×©×”×•× ×ž×¢×©×” מחט, ××œ× ×‘×ריגה ×‘×©× ×™ כותלי×, פרצוף ×חד מכ×ן ופרצוף ×חד מכ×ן, ×רי מצד ×–×” ×•× ×©×¨ מצד ×–×”, וכמו ש×ורגין חגורות של משי, שקורין בלעז פיישי"ש [רצועות]: | |
2"The length of one curtain [shall be] twenty eight cubits, and the width of one curtain [shall be] four cubits; the same measure for all the curtains. | ב×ֹ֣רֶךְ | הַיְרִיעָ֣ה ×”Ö¸Ö½×ַחַ֗ת שְ××žÖ¹× Ö¶Ö¤×” וְעֶשְׂרִי×Ö™ בָּֽ×ַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֨חַב֙ ×ַרְבַּ֣ע בָּֽ×ַמָּ֔ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה ×”Ö¸Ö½×ֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֥ה ×ַחַ֖ת לְכָל־הַיְרִיעֹֽת: | |
3"Five of these curtains shall be joined to one another, and [the other] five curtains shall [also] be joined to one another. | ×’×—Ö²×žÖµÖ£×©× ×”Ö·×™Ö°×¨Ö´×™×¢Ö¹Ö—×ª תִּֽהְיֶ֨יןָ֙ חֹֽבְרֹ֔ת ×ִשָּ×Ö–×” ×ֶל־×ֲחֹתָ֑הּ ×•Ö°×—Ö¸×žÖµÖ¤×©× ×™Ö°×¨Ö´×™×¢Ö¹×ªÖ™ חֹֽבְרֹ֔ת ×ִשָּ×Ö–×” ×ֶל־×ֲחֹתָֽהּ: | |
shall be joined: He [Bezalel] would sew them with a needle, one [curtain] alongside the other, five separately and [the other] five separately. | תהיין חוברות: תופרן במחט זו בצד זו, חמש לבד וחמש לבד: | |
to one another: Heb. ×ִשָ××” ×ֶל-×ִחֹתָהּ, lit., a woman to her sister. It is customary for Scripture to speak this way concerning a noun in the feminine gender, and concerning a noun in the masculine gender, ×Ö´×™×©× ×ֶל-×ָחִיו [lit., a man to his brother], as it is said concerning the cherubim: ×Ö´×™×©× ×ֶל-×ָחִיו (Exod. 25:20). | ×שה ×ל ×חותה: כך דרך ×”×ž×§×¨× ×œ×“×‘×¨ בדבר ×©×”×•× ×œ×©×•×Ÿ × ×§×‘×”. ובדבר ×©×”×•× ×œ×©×•×Ÿ זכר ×ומר ×יש ×ל ×חיו, כמו ×©× ×מר ×‘×›×¨×•×‘×™× (שמות ×›×” ×›) ×•×¤× ×™×”× ×יש ×ל ×חיו: | |
4"And you shall make loops of blue wool on the edge of one curtain [that is] at the edge of the [first] set, and so shall you do on the edge of the outermost curtain of the second set. | דוְעָשִׂ֜יתָ לֻֽלְ×ֹ֣ת תְּכֵ֗לֶת עַ֣ל שְׂפַ֤ת הַיְרִיעָה֙ ×”Ö¸Ö½×ֶחָ֔ת מִקָּצָ֖ה בַּֽחֹבָ֑רֶת וְכֵ֤ן תַּֽעֲשֶׂה֙ בִּשְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה ×”Ö·×§Ö´Ö¼Ö£×™×¦×•Ö¹× Ö¸Ö”×” בַּמַּחְבֶּ֖רֶת הַשֵּ×× Ö´Ö½×™×ª: | |
loops: Heb. לֻלָ×ֹת, lazoles in Old French, loops. So did Onkelos render [it]: ×¢Ö´× ×•Ö¼×‘Ö´×™×Ÿ, a term meaning a bow. | לל×ת: לצול"ש בלעז [שרוכי×] וכן ×ª×¨×’× ××•× ×§×œ×•×¡ ×¢× ×•×‘×™×Ÿ, לשון ×¢× ×™×‘×”: | |
curtain [that is] at the edge of the [first] set: Heb. בַּחֹבָרֶת. On the curtain that is the outermost of the set. The group of five curtains is called חוֹבֶרֶת. | מקצה בחברת: ב×ותה יריעה שבסוף החבור, קבוצת חמשת היריעות קרויה חוברת: | |
and so shall you do on the edge of the outermost curtain of the second set: On that curtain that is the outermost (×”Ö·×§Ö´Ö¼×¦×•Ö¹× Ö¸×”), an expression derived from קָצֶה, end, meaning at the end of the set [of curtains]. | וכן תעשה בשפת היריעה ×”×§×™×¦×•× ×” במחברת ×”×©× ×™×ª: ב×ותה יריעה ×©×”×™× ×§×™×¦×•× ×”, לשון קצה, כלומר לסוף החוברת: | |
5"You shall make fifty loops on [the edge of] one curtain, and you shall make fifty loops on the edge of the curtain in the second set; the loops shall correspond to one another. | החֲמִשִּ×Ö£×™× ×œÖ»Ö½×œÖ¸×ֹ֗ת תַּֽעֲשֶׂה֘ בַּיְרִיעָ֣ה ×”Ö¸Ö½×ֶחָת֒ וַֽחֲמִשִּ×Ö£×™× ×œÖ»Ö½×œÖ¸×ֹ֗ת תַּֽעֲשֶׂה֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֔ה ×ֲשֶ×֖ר בַּמַּחְבֶּ֣רֶת הַשֵּ×× Ö´Ö‘×™×ª מַקְבִּילֹת֙ הַלֻּֽלָ×ֹ֔ת ×ִשָּ×Ö–×” ×ֶל־×ֲחֹתָֽהּ: | |
the loops shall correspond to one another: Heb. מַקְבִּילֹתהַלֻּלָ×ֹת. Make sure that you make the loops exactly equidistant from one another. Their measure on this curtain should be the same for its mate. When you spread one set [of curtains] next to the other set, the loops of this curtain shall line up exactly opposite the loops of the other [curtain]. This is the [meaning of the] word מַקְבִּילֹת, [i.e.,] this one opposite that one. The Aramaic translation of × Ö¶×’Ö¶×“, opposite, is לָקֳבֵל. [Each] curtain was twenty-eight [cubits] long and four [cubits] wide. When five curtains were joined together, it was found that [altogether] they were twenty [cubits] wide, and so [too] with the second set. The length of the Mishkan was thirty [cubits] from east to west, as it is said: “twenty planks for the southern side” (verse 18), and so for the north, [with] every plank a cubit and a half [wide]. Thus, [we have altogether] thirty [cubits] from east to west. The width of the Mishkan from north to south was ten cubits, as it is said: “And for the western end of the Mishkan [you shall make six planks]” (verse 22), and [thus with] two planks at the corners [i.e., one plank at each end of the western wall], we have ten. [I.e., the interior of the Mishkan was ten cubits wide, not counting the northern and southern walls, which were each one cubit thick. Hence, the remainder of the two corner planks that do not fit against the side planks is a half cubit each, equaling one cubit. The six planks along the western side total nine cubits, thus we have altogether ten cubits on the western side.] In their [respective] places, I will explain these verses. The curtains were placed [so that] their length [was across] the [interior] width of the Mishkan, ten [of the curtains’] middle cubits as the roof of the space of the width of the Mishkan. [Another] cubit from here and a cubit from there covered the thickness of the tops of the planks, whose width was a cubit thick. Thus remained sixteen cubits: eight on the north[ern side] and eight on the south[ern side], covering the height of the planks, which were ten [cubits] high. [Thus] the bottom two cubits were exposed. The curtains were forty cubits wide when they were joined-twenty cubits for each set. Thirty of them [of the forty cubits] were for the roof of the Mishkan’s [interior] space lengthwise; one cubit corresponded to the thickness of the ends of the planks on the [Mishkan’s] west[ern side] and one cubit [was meant] to cover the thickness of the pillars on the east[ern side]-for there were no planks on the [Mishkan’s] east[ern side], only four (Old Rashi-five) pillars upon whose hooks the screen was spread and hung, like a curtain. [Aside from the above two cubits,] there remained eight cubits that hung in the back of the Mishkan on the west[ern side], with the bottom two cubits uncovered. I found this in the Baraitha of Forty-Nine Middoth. However, in Tractate Shabbath (98b) [it is stated]: The curtains did not cover the eastern pillars, and nine cubits hung in the back of the Mishkan. The text supports us [in our quotation of the Talmud, for the Torah states]: “And you shall place the dividing curtain beneath the clasps” (verse 33), but if [the truth is] like the words of this Baraitha, [it would mean that] the dividing curtain would be found to be drawn back one cubit to the west of the clasps. | מקבילות הלול×ות ×שה ×ל ×חותה: שמור שתעשה הלול×ות במדה ×חת ×ž×›×•×•× ×•×ª הבדלתן זו מזו, וכמדתן ביריעה זו כן ×™×”× ×‘×—×‘×¨×ª×”, כשתפרוש חוברת ×צל חוברת, יהיו הלול×ות של יריעה זו ×ž×›×•×•× ×•×ª ×›× ×’×“ לול×ות של זו. וזהו לשון מקבילות זו ×›× ×’×“ זו. תרגומו של × ×’×“, קביל. היריעות ×רכן ×¢×©×¨×™× ×•×©×ž×•× ×” ורחבן ×רבע, וכשחבר חמש יריעות יחד, × ×ž×¦× ×¨×—×‘×Ÿ עשרי×, וכן החוברת ×”×©× ×™×ª. והמשכן ×רכו ×©×œ×©×™× ×ž×Ÿ המזרח למערב, ×©× ×מר ×¢×©×¨×™× ×§×¨×© לפ×ת × ×’×‘ ×ª×™×ž× ×” (פסוק ×™×—) וכן לצפון, וכל קרש ×מה וחצי ×”×מה, הרי ×©×œ×©×™× ×ž×Ÿ המזרח למערב. רוחב המשכן מן הצפון ×œ×“×¨×•× ×¢×©×¨ ×מות. ×©× ×מר (כו כב - ×›×’) ולירכתי המשכן ימה וגו', ×•×©× ×™ ×§×¨×©×™× ×œ×ž×§×¦×¢×•×ª, הרי עשר. ×•×‘×ž×§×•×ž× ××¤×¨×©× ×œ×ž×§×¨×ות הללו. × ×•×ª×Ÿ היריעות ×ורכן לרוחבו של משכן, עשר ×מות ×מצעיות לגג חלל רוחב המשכן, ו×מה מכ×ן ו×מה מכ×ן לעובי ר×שי ×”×§×¨×©×™× ×©×¢×•×‘×™×™×Ÿ ×מה, × ×©×ª×™×™×¨×• שש עשרה ×מה, ×©×ž×•× ×” לצפון ×•×©×ž×•× ×” ×œ×“×¨×•× ×ž×›×¡×•×ª קומת ×”×§×¨×©×™× ×©×’×‘×”×Ÿ עשר, × ×ž×¦×ו שתי ×מות ×”×ª×—×ª×•× ×•×ª מגולות. רחבן של יריעות ××¨×‘×¢×™× ×מה, כשהן מחוברות ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה לחוברת, ×©×œ×©×™× ×ž×”×Ÿ לגג חלל המשכן ל×רכו ו×מה ×›× ×’×“ עובי ר×שי ×”×§×¨×©×™× ×©×‘×ž×¢×¨×‘, ו×מה לכסות עובי ×”×¢×ž×•×“×™× ×©×‘×ž×–×¨×—, ×©×œ× ×”×™×• ×§×¨×©×™× ×‘×ž×–×¨×— ××œ× ×רבעה עמודי×, שהמסך פרוש ותלוי בווין שבהן כמין וילון. × ×©×ª×™×™×¨×• ×©×ž×•× ×” ×מות התלויין על ×חורי ×”×§×¨×©×™× ×©×‘×ž×¢×¨×‘ ושתי ×מות ×”×ª×—×ª×•× ×•×ª מגולות. זו מצ×תי ×‘×‘×¨×™×™×ª× ×“××¨×‘×¢×™× ×•×ª×©×¢ מדות. ×בל במסכת שבת (צח ב) ×ין היריעות מכסות ×ת עמודי המזרח, ותשע ×מות תלויות ×חורי המשכן, והכתוב ×ž×¡×™×™×¢× ×• ×•× ×ª×ª ×ת הפרוכת תחת הקרסי×, ו×× ×›×“×‘×¨×™ ×”×‘×¨×™×™×ª× ×”×–×ת, × ×ž×¦×ת פרוכת משוכה מן ×”×§×¨×¡×™× ×•×œ×ž×¢×¨×‘ ×מה: | |
6"And you shall make fifty golden clasps, and you shall fasten the curtains to one another with the clasps; so shall the Mishkan become one. | ווְעָשִׂ֕יתָ חֲמִשִּ×Ö–×™× ×§Ö·×¨Ö°×¡ÖµÖ£×™ זָהָ֑ב וְחִבַּרְתָּ֙ ×ֶת־הַיְרִיעֹ֜ת ×ִשָּ×֤ה ×ֶל־×ֲחֹתָהּ֙ ×‘Ö·Ö¼×§Ö°Ö¼×¨Ö¸×¡Ö´Ö”×™× ×•Ö°×”Ö¸×™Ö¸Ö¥×” הַמִּשְ×כָּ֖ן ×ֶחָֽד: | |
golden clasps: Heb. קַרְסֵי, fermeylz, fermels, fermails in Old French, [meaning] hooks, clasps. One of its ends is inserted into [one of] the loops of this [one] set [of curtains] and the other end into the loops of the [second] set [of curtains, thus] fastening them [the loops] with them [the clasps]. | קרסי זהב: פירמייל"×¥ בלעז [סגרי×] ×•×ž×›× ×™×¡×™×Ÿ ר×שן ×חד בלול×ות שבחוברת זו ור×שן ×חד בלול×ות שבחוברת זו ומחברן בהן: | |
7"And [then] you shall make curtains of goat hair for a tent over the Mishkan; you shall make eleven curtains. | זוְעָשִׂ֨יתָ֙ יְרִיעֹ֣ת ×¢Ö´×–Ö´Ö¼Ö”×™× ×œÖ°×ֹ֖הֶל עַל־הַמִּשְ×כָּ֑ן עַשְ×תֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה יְרִיעֹ֖ת תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה ×ֹתָֽ×: | |
curtains of goat hair: Heb. ×¢Ö´×–Ö´×™×, goats, from the hair of goats. — [from Baraitha Melecheth HaMishkan, ch. 3] | יריעות ×¢×–×™×: ×ž× ×•×¦×” של ×¢×–×™×: | |
for a tent over the Mishkan: To spread them over the lower curtains. | ל×הל על המשכן: לפרוש ×ותן על היריעות ×”×ª×—×ª×•× ×•×ª: | |
8"The length of one curtain [shall be] thirty cubits, and the width of one curtain four cubits; the same measure for the eleven curtains. | ×—×ֹ֣רֶךְ | הַיְרִיעָ֣ה ×”Ö¸Ö½×ַחַ֗ת שְ×לשִ××™×Ö™ בָּֽ×ַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֨חַב֙ ×ַרְבַּ֣ע בָּֽ×ַמָּ֔ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה ×”Ö¸Ö½×ֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֣ה ×ַחַ֔ת לְעַשְ×תֵּ֥י עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה יְרִיעֹֽת: | |
thirty cubits: For when [Moses] placed their [the curtains’] length across the width of the Mishkan, as he did with the first [set of curtains], these were found to exceed [and overhang them] by a cubit from here [on one side] and a cubit from there [on the other side] to cover one of the two cubits of the planks that remained exposed. The bottom cubit of the plank, which the curtain did not cover, was the cubit [that was] inserted into the socket hole, for the sockets were a cubit deep. — [from Shab. 98b] | ×©×œ×©×™× ×‘×מה: ×©×›×©× ×•×ª×Ÿ ×רכן לרוחב המשכן, כמו ×©× ×ª×Ÿ ×ת הר××©×•× ×•×ª, × ×ž×¦×ו ×לו עודפות ×מה מכ×ן ו×מה מכ×ן לכסות ×חת מהשתי ×מות, ×©× ×©×רו מגולות מן הקרשי×, וה×מה ×”×ª×—×ª×•× ×” של קרש, ש×ין היריעה מכסה ×ותו ×”×™× ×”×מה התחובה ×‘× ×§×‘ ×”×דן, שה×-×“× ×™× ×’×‘×”×Ÿ ×מה: | |
9"And you shall join the five curtains by themselves, and the [other] six curtains by themselves; and you shall fold the sixth curtain before the front of the tent. | טוְחִבַּרְתָּ֞ ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾×—Ö²×žÖµÖ¤×©× ×”Ö·×™Ö°×¨Ö´×™×¢Ö¹×ªÖ™ לְבָ֔ד וְ×ֶת־שֵ×Ö¥×©× ×”Ö·×™Ö°×¨Ö´×™×¢Ö¹Ö–×ª לְבָ֑ד וְכָֽפַלְתָּ֙ ×ֶת־הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הַשִּ×שִּ×֔ית ×ֶל־מ֖וּל ×¤Ö°Ö¼× ÖµÖ¥×™ ×”Ö¸×ֹֽהֶל: | |
and you shall fold the sixth curtain: [I.e.,] of these upper curtains, which exceeds [overhangs] the lower ones. | וכפלת ×ת היריעה הששית: העודפת ב×לו ×”×¢×œ×™×•× ×•×ª יותר מן ×”×ª×—×ª×•× ×•×ª: | |
before the front of the tent: Half its width [of the sixth curtain] was hanging and folded over the screen on the east[ern side of the Mishkan], before the entrance, resembling a modest bride whose face is covered with a veil. | ×ל מול ×¤× ×™ ×”×הל: חצי רחבה ×”×™×” תלוי וכפול על המסך שבמזרח ×›× ×’×“ הפתח, דומה לכלה ×¦× ×•×¢×” המכוסה בצעיף על ×¤× ×™×”: | |
10"And you shall make fifty loops on the edge of one curtain, [which is] at the edge of the [first] set, and fifty loops on the edge of the [outermost] curtain of the second set. | יוְעָשִׂ֜יתָ חֲמִשִּ×Ö£×™× ×œÖ»Ö½×œÖ¸×ֹ֗ת עַ֣ל שְׂפַ֤ת הַיְרִיעָה֙ ×”Ö¸Ö½×ֶחָ֔ת ×”Ö·×§Ö´Ö¼Ö½×™×¦Ö¹× Ö¸Ö–×” בַּֽחֹבָ֑רֶת וַֽחֲמִשִּ×Ö£×™× ×œÖ»Ö½×œÖ¸×ֹ֗ת עַ֚ל שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַֽחֹבֶ֖רֶת הַשֵּ×× Ö´Ö½×™×ª: | |
11"And you shall make fifty copper clasps; you shall bring the clasps into the loops, and you shall fasten the tent together so that it will become one. | ×™×וְעָשִׂ֛יתָ קַרְסֵ֥י × Ö°×—Ö–×©Ö¶×ת חֲמִשִּ×Ö‘×™× ×•Ö°×”ÖµÖ½×‘Öµ×תָ֤ ×ֶת־הַקְּרָסִי×Ö™ בַּלֻּ֣לָ×ֹ֔ת וְחִבַּרְתָּ֥ ×ֶת־הָ×ֹ֖הֶל וְהָיָ֥ה ×ֶחָֽד: | |
12"And the overhanging excess in the curtains of the tent half of the extra curtain shall hang over the rear of the Mishkan. | יבוְסֶ֨רַח֙ הָֽעֹדֵ֔ף בִּֽירִיעֹ֖ת ×”Ö¸×ֹ֑הֶל חֲצִ֤י הַיְרִיעָה֙ הָֽעֹדֶ֔פֶת תִּסְרַ֕ח עַ֖ל ×ֲחֹרֵ֥י הַמִּשְ×כָּֽן: | |
And the overhanging excess in the curtains of the tent: over the curtains of the Mishkan. The curtains of the tent were the upper ones, [curtains] of goat hair. [They are] referred to as “tent,” as it is written about them, “for a tent over the Mishkan” (verse 7). Every expression of “tent” (×ֹהֶל) stated in their context [i.e., referring to the upper curtains] is only an expression meaning a roof, for they form a tent and a roof over the lower [curtains]. They [the upper curtains] exceeded the lower ones by half a curtain on the west[ern side], since half of the extra eleventh curtain was folded opposite the front of the tent. [Hence,] there remained two cubits, [representing] the width of half of it [the upper curtains], exceeding the width of the lower [curtains]. | וסרח העדף ביריעת ×”×הל: על יריעות המשכן. יריעות ×”×הל הן ×”×¢×œ×™×•× ×•×ª של ×¢×–×™× ×©×§×¨×•×™×™× ×הל, כמו שכתוב בהן (פסוק ×–) ל×הל על המשכן, וכל ×הל ×”×מור בהן ××™× ×• ××œ× ×œ×©×•×Ÿ ×’×’, שמ×הילות ומסככות על ×”×ª×—×ª×•× ×•×ª, והן היו עודפות על ×”×ª×—×ª×•× ×•×ª חצי היריעה למערב, שהחצי של יריעה ×חת עשרה היתרה, ×”×™×” × ×›×¤×œ ×ל מול ×¤× ×™ ×”×הל, × ×©×רו שתי ×מות רוחב חציה עודף על רוחב ×”×ª×—×ª×•× ×•×ª: | |
shall hang over the rear of the Mishkan: to cover the two cubits of the planks that were exposed. | תסרח על ×חרי המשכן: לכסות שתי ×מות שהיו מגולות בקרשי×: | |
the rear of the Mishkan: This means the western side, since the entrance [to the Mishkan] was on the east[ern side], which is [referred to as] its front, and the north[ern] and south[ern sides] are referred to as sides to the right and to the left. | ×חרי המשכן: ×”×•× ×¦×“ מערבי, לפי שהפתח במזרח ×©×”× ×¤× ×™×•, וצפון ×•×“×¨×•× ×§×¨×•×™×™×Ÿ צדדין לימין ולשמ×ל: | |
13"And the cubit from here and the cubit from there of the excess in the length of the curtains of the tent shall hang over the sides of the Mishkan from here and from there to cover it. | יגוְהָֽ×ַמָּ֨ה מִזֶּ֜ה וְהָֽ×ַמָּ֤ה מִזֶּה֙ בָּֽעֹדֵ֔ף בְּ×ֹ֖רֶךְ יְרִיעֹ֣ת ×”Ö¸×ֹ֑הֶל יִֽהְיֶ֨ה סָר֜וּחַ עַל־צִדֵּ֧י הַמִּשְ×כָּ֛ן מִזֶּ֥ה וּמִזֶּ֖ה לְכַסֹּתֽוֹ: | |
And the cubit from here and the cubit from there: on the north[ern] and on the south[ern] sides of the Mishkan]. | וה×מה מזה וה×מה מזה: לצפון ולדרו×: | |
of the excess in the length of the curtains of the tent: which exceed the length of the lower curtains of the Mishkan by two cubits. | בעדף ב×רך יריעות ×”×הל: שהן עודפות על ×ורך יריעות המשכן שתי ×מות: | |
shall hang over the sides of the Mishkan: [I.e.,] on the northern and southern [sides], as I explained above [verse 12]. The Torah taught [us] manners, that one should spare the beautiful. — [from an unknown midrashic source, also quoted by Yalkut Shimoni 422] | ×™×”×™×” סרוח על צדי המשכן: לצפון ולדרו×, כמו שפירשתי למעלה. למדה תורה דרך ×רץ ×©×™×”× ××“× ×—×¡ על היפה: | |
14"And you shall make a covering for the tent of ram skins dyed red and a covering of tachash skins above. | ידוְעָשִׂ֤יתָ מִכְסֶה֙ לָ×ֹ֔הֶל עֹרֹ֥ת ×Öµ×™×œÖ´Ö–× ×žÖ°×Ö¸×“Ö¸Ö¼×žÖ´Ö‘×™× ×•Ö¼×žÖ´×›Ö°×¡ÖµÖ›×” עֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִ×Ö–×™× ×žÖ´×œÖ°×žÖ¸Ö½×¢Ö°×œÖ¸×”: | |
a covering for the tent: For the roof of goat hair curtains, make an additional covering of ram skins dyed red. Additionally, above it [place] a covering of tachash skins. These [two] coverings covered only the roof, their length being thirty [cubits] and their width ten. These are Rabbi Nehemiah’s words, but according to Rabbi Judah, there was [only] one cover, half of [it made from] ram skins dyed red and half of [it made from] tachash skins. -[from Shab. 28a] | מכסה ל×הל: ל×ותו ×’×’ של יריעות ×¢×–×™× ×¢×©×” עוד מכסה ×חד של עורות ××™×œ×™× ×ž×דמי×, ועוד למעלה ×ž×ž× ×• מכסה עורות תחשי×, ו×ותן מכס×ות ×œ× ×”×™×• מכסין ××œ× ×ת ×”×’×’, ×רכן ×©×œ×©×™× ×•×¨×—×‘×Ÿ עשר, ×לו דברי רבי × ×—×ž×™×”, ולדברי רבי יהודה מכסה ×חד ×”×™×”, חציו של עורות ××™×œ×™× ×ž×דמי×, וחציו של עורות תחשי×: |
Fourth Portion
Exodus Chapter 26
Fifth Portion
Exodus Chapter 26
31"And you shall make a dividing curtain of blue, purple, and crimson wool, and twisted fine linen; the work of a master weaver he shall make it, in a [woven] cherubim design. | ל×וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ פָרֹ֗כֶת תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְ×ַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָ×× Ö´Ö–×™ וְשֵ×Ö£×©× ×žÖ¸×©Ö°×זָ֑ר מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥ה חשֵ×֛ב יַֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה ×ֹתָ֖הּ כְּרֻבִֽי×: | |
a dividing curtain: Heb. פָּרֹכֶת. [This is] a word denoting a dividing curtain. In the language of the Sages [it is called] פַּרְגוֹד (Chag. 15a), something that separates between the king and the people. | פרכת: לשון מחיצה הו×, ובלשון ×—×›×ž×™× ×¤×¨×’×•×“, דבר המבדיל בין המלך ובין ×”×¢×: | |
blue, purple: Each type was doubled in each thread with six strands. — [from Yoma 71b] | תכלת ו×רגמן: כל מין ומין ×”×™×” כפול, בכל חוט וחוט ששה חוטין: | |
the work of a master weaver: Heb. מַעִשֵׂה חשֵ×ב I have already explained (verse 1) that this is weaving of two walls, and the designs on both sides of it are unlike one another. | מעשה חשב: כבר פירשתי שזו ×”×™× ×ריגה של ×©× ×™ קירות, והציורין ×©×ž×©× ×™ עבריה ××™× ×Ÿ דומין ×–×” לזה: | |
cherubim: He shall make designs of creatures. | כרובי×: ציורין של בריות יעשה בה: | |
32"And you shall place it on four pillars of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, their hooks [shall be] gold, on four silver sockets. | ×œ×‘×•Ö°× Ö¸Ö½×ªÖ·×ªÖ¸Ö¼Ö£×” ×ֹתָ֗הּ עַל־×ַרְבָּעָה֙ עַמּוּדֵ֣י שִ××˜Ö´Ö¼Ö”×™× ×žÖ°×¦Ö»×¤Ö´Ö¼Ö£×™× ×–Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö”×‘ ×•Ö¸Ö½×•Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×–Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö‘×‘ עַל־×ַרְבָּעָ֖ה ×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™Ö¾×›Ö¸Ö½×¡Ö¶×£: | |
four pillars: inserted into four sockets, with hooks attached to them [the pillars], bent on the top [in order] to place upon them a pole around which the top of the dividing curtain was wound. These hooks are the וָוִין [mentioned in the next verse, given this name] because they are made in the shape of [the letter] “vav” (ו). The dividing curtain was ten cubits long, corresponding to the width of the Mishkan [from north to south], and ten cubits wide, like the height of the planks. [It was] spread out at the one-third [point] of the Mishkan [from east to west], so that from it [the dividing curtain] toward the [Mishkan’s] interior were ten cubits, and from it [the dividing curtain] toward the exterior were twenty cubits. Hence, the Holy of Holies was ten [cubits] by ten [cubits], as it is said: “And you shall place the dividing curtain beneath the clasps” (verse 33), which join the two sets of the curtains of the Mishkan, the width of the set being twenty cubits. When he [Moses] spread them on the roof the Mishkan from the entrance [all the way] to the west, it [the first set of curtains] ended after two-thirds of the [way into the] Mishkan. The second set covered [the remaining] third of the Mishkan with the remainder [of the curtains] hanging over its rear to cover the planks. | ×רבעה עמודי שטי×: ×ª×§×•×¢×™× ×‘×ª×•×š ×רבעה ×-×“× ×™× ×•××•× ×§×œ×™×•×ª קבועין בהן ×¢×§×•×ž×™× ×œ×ž×¢×œ×” להושיב עליהן ×›×œ×•× ×¡ שר×ש הפרוכת כרוך בה, וה××•× ×§×œ×™×•×ª הן הווין, שהרי כמין ווין הן עשוי×, והפרכת ×רכה עשר ×מות לרחבו של משכן, ורחבה עשר ×מות כגבהן של קרשי×, פרוסה בשלישית של משכן, ×©×™×”× ×”×™×ž× ×” ×•×œ×¤× ×™× ×¢×©×¨ ×מות, ×•×”×™×ž× ×” ולחוץ ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה, × ×ž×¦× ×‘×™×ª קדשי ×”×§×“×©×™× ×¢×©×¨ על עשר, ×©× ×מר ×•× ×ª×ª ×ת הפרכת תחת הקרסי×, ×”×ž×—×‘×¨×™× ×ת שתי חוברות של יריעות המשכן, ורוחב החוברת ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה, וכשפרשה על ×’×’ המשכן מן הפתח למערב, כלתה ×‘×©× ×™ שלישי המשכן, והחוברת ×”×©× ×™×” כסתה שלישו של משכן, והמותר תלוי ל×חוריו לכסות ×ת הקרשי×: | |
33"And you shall place the dividing curtain beneath the clasps. You shall bring there on the inner side of the dividing curtain the Ark of the Testimony, and the dividing curtain shall separate for you between the Holy and the Holy of Holies. | ×œ×’×•Ö°× Ö¸Ö½×ªÖ·×ªÖ¸Ö¼Ö£×” ×ֶת־הַפָּרֹ֘כֶת֘ תַּ֣חַת הַקְּרָסִי×Ö’ וְהֵֽבֵ×תָ֥ שָ×֨מָּה֙ מִבֵּ֣ית לַפָּרֹ֔כֶת ×ֵ֖ת ×ֲר֣וֹן הָֽעֵד֑וּת וְהִבְדִּילָ֤ה הַפָּרֹ֨כֶת֙ ×œÖ¸×›Ö¶Ö”× ×‘ÖµÖ¼Ö£×™×Ÿ ×”Ö·×§Ö¹Ö¼Ö”×“Ö¶×©× ×•Ö¼×‘ÖµÖ–×™×Ÿ ×§Ö¹Ö¥×“Ö¶×©× ×”Ö·×§Ö³Ö¼×“Ö¸×©Ö´Ö½××™×: | |
34"And you shall place the ark cover over the Ark of the Testimony in the Holy of Holies. | ×œ×“×•Ö°× Ö¸Ö½×ªÖ·×ªÖ¸Ö¼Ö™ ×ֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת עַ֖ל ×ֲר֣וֹן הָֽעֵדֻ֑ת ×‘Ö°Ö¼×§Ö¹Ö–×“Ö¶×©× ×”Ö·×§Ö³Ö¼×“Ö¸×©Ö´Ö½××™×: | |
35"And you shall place the table on the outer side of the dividing curtain and the menorah opposite the table, on the southern side of the Mishkan, and you shall place the table on the northern side. | להוְשַׂמְתָּ֤ ×ֶת־הַשֻּ×לְחָן֙ מִח֣וּץ לַפָּרֹ֔כֶת וְ×Ö¶×ªÖ¾×”Ö·×žÖ°Ö¼× Ö¹×¨Ö¸×”Ö™ × Ö¹Ö£×›Ö·×— הַשֻּ×לְחָ֔ן עַ֛ל צֶ֥לַע הַמִּשְ×כָּ֖ן ×ªÖµÖ¼×™×žÖ¸Ö‘× Ö¸×” וְהַ֨שֻּ×לְחָ֔ן תִּתֵּ֖ן עַל־צֶ֥לַע צָפֽוֹן: | |
And you shall place the table: The table was in the north, drawn away from the northern wall [of the Mishkan by] two and one-half cubits. The menorah was [placed] in the south, drawn away from the southern wall [by] two and one-half cubits. The golden altar was placed opposite the space between the table and the menorah, drawn a short distance toward the east. They [the table, menorah, and golden altar] were all situated in the inner half of the Mishkan. How was this? The length of the Mishkan from the entrance to the dividing curtain was twenty cubits. The altar, the table, and the menorah were drawn away from the entrance toward the western side ten cubits. — [from Yoma 33b] | ושמת ×ת השלחן: שלחן בצפון, משוך מן הכותל ×”×¦×¤×•× ×™ שתי ×מות ומחצה. ×•×ž× ×•×¨×” ×‘×“×¨×•× ×ž×©×•×›×” מן הכותל הדרומי שתי ×מות ומחצה. ומזבח הזהב × ×ª×•×Ÿ ×›× ×’×“ ×ויר שבין שלחן ×œ×ž× ×•×¨×”, משוך ×§×ž×¢× ×›×œ×¤×™ המזרח, ×•×›×•×œ× × ×ª×•× ×™× ×ž×Ÿ חצי המשכן ×•×œ×¤× ×™×. כיצד, ×ורך המשכן מן הפתח לפרכת ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה, המזבח והשלחן ×•×”×ž× ×•×¨×” ×ž×©×•×›×™× ×ž×Ÿ הפתח לצד מערב עשר ×מות: | |
36"And you shall make a screen for the entrance of the tent, of blue, purple, and crimson wool, and twisted fine linen the work of an embroiderer. | לווְעָשִׂ֤יתָ מָסָךְ֙ לְפֶ֣תַח ×”Ö¸×ֹ֔הֶל תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְ×ַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָ×× Ö´Ö–×™ וְשֵ×Ö£×©× ×žÖ¸×©Ö°×זָ֑ר מַֽעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֹקֵֽ×: | |
And you shall make a screen: Heb. ×žÖ¸×¡Ö¸î ‚, a curtain that is a protector opposite the entrance, like “You made a hedge (שַׂכְךְתָּ) around him” (Job 1:10), an expression of protection. [Note that the “samech” and the “sin” are interchangeable.] | ועשית מסך: וילון ×©×”×•× ×ž×¡×š ×›× ×’×“ הפתח, כמו (×יוב × ×™) שכת בעדו, לשון מגן: | |
the work of an embroiderer: The figures [on the screen] are produced on it with needlework-just as the face [was] on one side, so was the face on that [other] side. — [from Yoma 72b, Baraitha Melecheth HaMishkan, ch. 4] | מעשה רק×: הצורות עשויות בו מעשה מחט, כפרצוף של עבר ×–×” כך פרצוף של עבר ×–×”: | |
an embroiderer: Heb. רֹקֵ×, the name of the craftsman, not the name of the craft. Its Aramaic translation is עוֹבַד צַיָיר, work of an artist, but not עוֹבֵד צִיוּר, work of artistry. The measurements of the screen were the same as the measurements of the dividing curtain, [namely] ten cubits by ten cubits. — [from Baraitha Melecheth HaMishkan, ch. 4] | רק×: ×©× ×”×ומן, ×•×œ× ×©× ×”××•×ž× ×•×ª, ותרגומו עובד צייר. מדת המסך כמדת הפרוכת, עשר ×מות על עשר ×מות: | |
37"You shall make for the screen five pillars of acacia and overlay them with gold, their hooks [shall be] gold, and you shall cast for them five copper sockets. | לזוְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לַמָּסָ֗ךְ חֲמִשָּ××”Ö™ עַמּוּדֵ֣י שִ××˜Ö´Ö¼Ö”×™× ×•Ö°×¦Ö´×¤Ö´Ö¼×™×ªÖ¸Ö¤ ×ֹתָ×Ö™ זָהָ֔ב ×•Ö¸Ö½×•Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×–Ö¸×”Ö¸Ö‘×‘ וְיָֽצַקְתָּ֣ ×œÖ¸×”Ö¶Ö”× ×—Ö²×žÖ´×©Ö¸Ö¼×Ö–×” ×Ö·×“Ö°× ÖµÖ¥×™ × Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: |
Sixth Portion
Exodus Chapter 27
1And you shall make the altar of acacia wood, five cubits long and five cubits wide; the altar shall be square, and its height [shall be] three cubits. | ×וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ ×ֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ עֲצֵ֣י שִ××˜Ö´Ö¼Ö‘×™× ×—Ö¸×žÖµ×©×Ö© ×ַמּ֨וֹת ×ֹ֜רֶךְ ×•Ö°×—Ö¸×žÖµÖ§×©× ×ַמּ֣וֹת רֹ֗חַב רָב֤וּעַ יִֽהְיֶה֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וְשָ××œÖ¥×©× ×ַמּ֖וֹת קֹֽמָתֽוֹ: | |
And you shall make the altar…and its height [shall be] three cubits: The words are [to be understood] literally. These are the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Jose says: It says here “square,” and concerning the inner altar, it says “square” (Exod. 30:2). Just as there, its height was twice its length [i.e, it was one cubit long and two cubits high], here too, its height was twice its length. [This method of expounding is known as גְּזֵרָה שָ×וָה, similar wording.] How then do I understand “and its height [shall be] three cubits"? [This means measuring] from the edge of the sovev [the ledge surrounding the altar] and higher. — [from Zev 60a] [According to Rabbi Judah, the altar was literally three cubits high. According to Rabbi Yose, it was ten cubits high, with the upper three cubits above the ledge mentioned in verse 5] | ועשית ×ת המזבח וגו' ושלש ×מות קומתו: ×“×‘×¨×™× ×›×›×ª×‘×Ÿ, דברי ר' יהודה. ר' יוסי ×ומר × ×מר ×›×ן רבוע, ×•× ×מר ×‘×¤× ×™×ž×™ רבוע, מה להלן גבהו פי ×©× ×™× ×›×רכו, ××£ ×›×ן גבהו פי ×©× ×™× ×›×רכו. ומה ×× ×™ ×ž×§×™×™× ×•×©×œ×© ×מות קומתו, משפת סובב ולמעלה: | |
2And you shall make its horns on its four corners; its horns shall be from it, and you shall overlay it with copper. | בוְעָשִׂ֣יתָ ×§Ö·×¨Ö°× Ö¹×ªÖ¸Ö—×™×• עַ֚ל ×ַרְבַּ֣ע ×¤Ö´Ö¼× Ö¹Ö¼×ªÖ¸Ö”×™×• ×žÖ´×žÖ¶Ö¼Ö–× Ö¼×•Ö¼ תִּֽהְיֶ֣יןָ ×§Ö·×¨Ö°× Ö¹×ªÖ¸Ö‘×™×• וְצִפִּיתָ֥ ×ֹת֖וֹ × Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: | |
its horns shall be from it: [This means] that he should not make them [the horns] separately and [then] attach them to it [the altar]. | ×ž×ž× ×• תהיין ×§×¨× ×ª×™×•: ×©×œ× ×™×¢×©× ×œ×‘×“× ×•×™×—×‘×¨× ×‘×•: | |
and you shall overlay it with copper: to atone for brazenness, as it is said: “and your forehead is brazen (× Ö°×—×•Ö¹Ö¼×©Ö¸×”)” (Isa. 48:4). [I.e., × Ö°×—Ö¹×©Ö¶×ª, which means copper, is also used idiomatically to mean brazen or bold.]-[from Tanchuma 11] | וצפית ×ותו × ×—×©×ª: לכפר על עזות מצח, ×©× ×מר (ישעיה מח ד) ומצחך × ×—×•×©×”: | |
3And you shall make its pots to remove its ashes, and its shovels and its sprinkling basins and its flesh hooks and its scoops; you shall make all its implements of copper. | גוְעָשִׂ֤יתָ סִּֽירֹתָיו֙ לְדַשְּ×× Ö”×•Ö¹ וְיָעָיו֙ וּמִזְרְקֹתָ֔יו וּמִזְלְגֹתָ֖יו וּמַחְתֹּתָ֑יו לְכָל־כֵּלָ֖יו תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה × Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: | |
its pots: Heb. סִּירֹתָיו, sort of kettles. — [from targumim] | סירותיו: כמין יורות: | |
to remove its ashes: Heb. ×œÖ°×“Ö·×©Ö°×‚× ×•Ö¹, to remove its ashes [and place them] into them [the kettles]. This is what Onkelos rendered: לְמִסְפֵּי קִטְמֵיהּ, to remove its ashes into them. In Hebrew, some words [are used in such a manner that] one word [i.e., the same root] changes in its meaning to serve [both] as building and demolishing [i.e., it has a positive and a negative meaning], like, “it took root (וַךְתַַּשְ×רֵש×)” (Ps. 80:10), “a fool taking root (מַשְ×רִיש×)” (Job 5:3), and its opposite, “and it uproots (תְשָ×רֵש×) all my grain” (Job 31:12); similar to this, “on its branches (בִּסְעִיפֶיהָ) when it produces fruit” (Isa. 17:6), and its opposite, “lops off (מְסָעֵף) the branches” (Isa. 10:33); similar to this, “and this last one broke his bones (עִצְּמוֹ)” (Jer. 50:17) [עִצְּמוֹ, which usually means “became boned,” here means] “broke his bones” ; similar to this, “and stoned him with stones (וַיִּסְקְלֻהוּ בָּ×Ö´×‘Ö¸× Ö´×™×)” (I Kings 21:13), and its opposite, "clear it of stones (סַקְּלוּ מֵ×ֶבֶן) ” (Isa. 62:10), [meaning] remove its stones, and so, “and he fenced it in, and he cleared it of stones (וַיִּסְקְלֵהוּ)” (Isa. 5:2). Here too, לְדַשְ×× ×•Ö¹ means “to remove its ashes (דִשְ×× ×•Ö¹),” and in Old French, adeszandrer, to remove ashes. | ×œ×“×©× ×•: להסיר ×“×©× ×• לתוכ×, ×•×”×•× ×©×ª×¨×’× ××•× ×§×œ×•×¡ למספי קטמיה, לספות הדשן לתוכ×, ×›×™ יש מלות בלשון עברית מלה ×חת מתחלפת בפתרון לשמש ×‘× ×™×Ÿ וסתירה, כמו (×ª×”×œ×™× ×¤ ×™) ותשרש שרשיה, (×יוב ×” ×’) ×ויל משריש. וחלופו (×©× ×œ× ×™×‘) ובכל תבו×תי תשרש. וכמוהו (ישעיה ×™×– ו) בסעיפיה פוריה, וחלופו (×©× ×™ לג) מסעף פ×רה, מפשח סעיפיה, וכמוהו (ירמיה × ×™×–) וזה ×”×חרון עצמו, שבר עצמיו, וכמוהו (×ž×œ×›×™× ×' ×›× ×™×’) ויסקלוהו ב××‘× ×™×, וחלופו (ישעיה סב ×™) סקלו מ×בן, הסירו ××‘× ×™×”, וכן (×©× ×” ב). ויעזקהו ויסקלהו, ××£ ×›×ן ×œ×“×©× ×• להסיר ×“×©× ×• ובלעז ××™×©×¦×™× ×“×¨×™"ר [×œ×¤× ×•×ª ×”×פר]: | |
and its shovels: Heb. וְיָעָיו. [Its meaning is] as the Targum [Onkelos renders: וּמַגְרפְיָתֵיה]: shovels with which he [the kohen] takes the ashes. They are [similar to] a kind of thin, metal lid of a pot, and it has a handle. In Old French [it is called] videl, vedil, vadil, [all meaning] shovel. | ויעיו: כתרגומו, מגרפות ×©× ×•×˜×œ ×‘×”× ×”×“×©×Ÿ, והן כמין כסוי הקדרה של מתכת דק ולו בית יד, ובלעז וידי"ל [×™×¢×”]: | |
and its sprinkling basins: Heb. וּמִזְרְקֹתָיו, with which to receive the blood of the sacrifices. | ומזרקתיו: לקבל ×‘×”× ×“× ×”×–×‘×—×™×: | |
and its flesh hooks: Heb. וּמִזְלְגֹתָיו. Sort of bent hooks, with which he [the kohen] would strike the [sacrificial] flesh. They [the hooks] would be imbedded into it, and with them, he would turn it over on the coals of the [altar] pyre in order to hasten its burning. In Old French [they are called] crozins, [meaning flesh] hooks, and in the language of the Sages [they are called], ×¦Ö´×™× ×•Ö¹×¨Ö´×™Ö¼×•Ö¹×ª (Yoma 12a). | ומזלגתיו: כמין ××•× ×§×œ×™×•×ª כפופי×, ומכה ×‘×”× ×‘×‘×©×¨ ×•× ×ª×—×‘×™× ×‘×• ומהפך בהן על גחל המערכה ×©×™×”× ×ž×ž×”×¨ שריפתן ובלעז ×§×¨×•×¦×™× "ש [×× ×§×•×œ×™×] ובלשון ×—×›×ž×™× ×¦×™× ×•×¨×™×•×ª: | |
and its scoops: Heb. וּמַחְךְתֹּתָיו. They had a cavity in which to take coals from the altar and to carry them onto the inner altar for incense [which was within the Mishkan]. Because of their [function of] scooping (חֲתִיֹּתָן), they are called scoops (מַחְךְתּוֹת), like “to scoop (לַחְךְתּוֹת) fire from a hearth” (Isa. 30:14), an expression of raking fire from its place, and likewise, “Can a man rake (הִיַחְךְתֶּה) embers with his clothes?” (Prov. 6:27). | ומחתתיו: בית קבול יש ×œ×”× ×œ×™×˜×•×œ בהן ×’×—×œ×™× ×ž×Ÿ המזבח לש××ª× ×¢×œ מזבח ×”×¤× ×™×ž×™ לקטרת, ועל ×©× ×—×ª×™×™×ª×Ÿ ×§×¨×•×™×™× ×ž×—×ª×•×ª, כמו (ישעיה ל יד) לחתות ×ש מיקוד, לשון ש×יבת ×ש ממקומה, וכן (משלי ו ×›×–) היחתה ×יש ×ש בחיקו: | |
all its implements: Heb. לְכָל-כֵּלָיו. Like כָּל כֵּלָיו. | לכל כליו: כמו כל כליו: | |
4And you shall make for it a copper grating of netting work, and you shall make on the netting four copper rings on its four ends. | דוְעָשִׂ֤יתָ לּוֹ֙ מִכְבָּ֔ר מַֽעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֶ֣שֶ×ת × Ö°×—Ö‘×©Ö¶×ת וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ עַל־הָרֶ֗שֶ×ת ×ַרְבַּע֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת × Ö°×—Ö”×©Ö¶×ת עַ֖ל ×ַרְבַּ֥ע קְצוֹתָֽיו: | |
grating: Heb. מִכְבָּר, a word meaning a sieve (כְּבָרָה), which is called crible [in French], [meaning] a sort of garment made for the altar, made with holes like a sort of net. This verse is inverted, and this is its meaning: And you shall make for it a copper grating of netting work. | מכבר: לשון כברה, שקורין קריבל"× [כברה] כמין לבוש עשוי לו למזבח, עשוי חורין חורין כמין רשת. ×•×ž×§×¨× ×–×” מסורס וכה ×¤×ª×¨×•× ×• ועשית לו מכבר × ×—×©×ª מעשה רשת: | |
5And you shall place it beneath the ledge of the altar from below, and the net shall [extend downward] until the middle of the altar. | ×”×•Ö°× Ö¸Ö½×ªÖ·×ªÖ¸Ö¼Ö£×” ×ֹתָ֗הּ תַּ֛חַת כַּרְכֹּ֥ב הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ מִלְּמָ֑טָּה וְהָֽיְתָ֣ה הָרֶ֔שֶ×ת עַ֖ד חֲצִ֥י הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ: | |
the ledge of the altar: Heb. כַּרְכֹּב, a surrounding ledge. Anything that encircles anything else is called כַּרְכֹּב, as we learned in [the chapter entitled] Everyone May Slaughter (Chul. 25a): “The following are unfinished wooden vessels: Any [vessel] that is destined to be smoothed or banded (לְכַרְכֵּב).” This [refers to the practice] of making round grooves [or bands] in the planks of the walls of wooden chests and benches. For the altar as well, he [Bezalel] made a groove around it a cubit wide. [The groove was] on its wall for decoration, and that was at the end of three (other editions: six) cubits of its height, according to the one who says that its height was twice its length and [asks] how then can I understand [the verse] "and three cubits its height"? [Three cubits] from the edge of the ledge and higher. There was, however, no surrounding ledge [i.e., walkway] on the copper altar for the kohanim to walk on, except on its top, within its horns. So we learned in Zev. (62a): What is the ledge? [The space] between one horn and the other horn which was a cubit wide. Within that there was a cubit for the kohanim to walk, and these two cubits are called כַּרְכֹּב. We [the Sages of the Gemara] questioned this: But is it not written, "beneath the ledge of the altar from below"? [Thus we learned] that the כַּרְכֹּב was on its [the altar’s] wall, and the “garment” of the grating was below it [the ledge]. The one who answered [i.e., one of the Sages of the Gemara] replied: “There were two [ledges], one for beauty and one so that the kohanim should not slip.” The one on the wall was for decoration, and below it, they adorned [it with] the grating, whose width extended halfway up the altar. Thus, the grating was a cubit wide, and this was the sign of the middle of its [the altar’s] height, to distinguish between the upper “bloods” and the lower “bloods” [i. e., the blood of the sacrifices required to be sprinkled on the top of the altar and the blood of the sacrifices required to be sprinkled on the bottom of the altar]. Corresponding to this, they made for the altar in the Temple a kind of red line [other editions: the “girdle” of the red line] in it [the altar’s] center [point] (Middoth 3:1) and a ramp upon which they [the kohanim] would ascend it [the altar]. Although [the Torah] did not explain it in this section, we were already informed in the parsha [that begins] “An altar of earth you shall make for Me” (Exod. 20:21-23): “And you shall not ascend with steps.” [I.e.,] you shall not make steps for it on its ramp, but [you shall make] a smooth ramp. [Thus] we learn that it [the altar] had a ramp. [All the above] we learned in the Mechilta (Exod. 20:23). The “altar of earth” [mentioned in Exod. 20:21] was the copper altar, which they filled with earth in [all] the places of their encampment. The ramp was to the south of the altar, separated from the altar by a hairbreadth. Its base reached [until] a cubit adjacent to the hangings of the courtyard on the Mishkan’s southern [side], according to [the opinion of] those who say that it was ten cubits high. According to the opinion of those who say that the words are [to be understood] literally -"its height [shall be] three cubits" (verse 1)-the ramp was only ten cubits long. I found this in the Mishnah of Forty-Nine Middoth. [What I stated,] that it [the ramp] was separated from the altar by the width of a thread [i.e., a hairbreadth], [derives from] Tractate Zevachim (62b), [where] we learned it from the text. | כרכב המזבח: סובב, כל דבר המקיף סביב בעגול קרוי כרכוב, כמו ×©×©× ×™× ×• בהכל שוחטין (חולין ×›×” ×) ×לו הן גולמי כלי ×¢×¥, כל שעתיד לשוף ולכרכב, ×•×”×•× ×›×ž×• שעושין חריצין עגולין בקרשי ×“×¤× ×™ התיבות וספסלי ×”×¢×¥, ××£ למזבח עשה חריץ סביבו והיה רחבו ×מה ×‘×“×¤× ×• ×œ× ×•×™ ×•×”×•× ×œ×¡×•×£ שש ×מות של גבהו, כדברי ×”×ומר גבהו פי ×©× ×™× ×›×רכו, ×”× ×ž×” ×× ×™ ×ž×§×™×™× ×•×©×œ×© ×מות קומתו, משפת סובב ולמעלה. ×בל סובב להלוך ×”×›×”× ×™× ×œ× ×”×™×” למזבח ×”× ×—×©×ª ××œ× ×¢×œ ר×שו ×œ×¤× ×™× ×ž×§×¨× ×•×ª×™×•, וכן ×©× ×™× ×• ×‘×–×‘×—×™× (סב ב) ×יזהו כרכוב, בין קרן לקרן ×•×œ×¤× ×™× ×ž×”×Ÿ ×מה של הלוך רגלי ×”×›×”× ×™×, ושתי ×מות הללו ×§×¨×•×™×™× ×›×¨×›×•×‘. ×•×“×§×“×§× ×• ×©× ×•×”×›×ª×™×‘ תחת כרכוב המזבח מלמטה, ×œ×ž×“× ×• שהכרכוב ×‘×“×¤× ×• ×”×•× ×•×œ×‘×•×© המכבר תחתיו. ותירץ המתרץ תרי הוו, חד ×œ× ×•×™ וחד ×œ×›×”× ×™× ×“×œ× ×™×©×ª×¨×’×•. ×–×” שבדופן ×œ× ×•×™ ×”×™×” ומתחתיו הלבישו המכבר והגיע רחבו עד חצי המזבח. × ×ž×¦× ×©×”×ž×›×‘×¨ רחב ×מה, ×•×”×•× ×”×™×” סימן לחצי גבהו להבדיל בין ×“×ž×™× ×”×¢×œ×™×•× ×™× ×œ×“×ž×™× ×”×ª×—×ª×•× ×™×. ×•×›× ×’×“×• עשו למזבח בית ×¢×•×œ×ž×™× ×—×’×•×¨×ª חוט ×”×¡×§×¨× ×‘×מצעו. וכבש שהיו עולין בו ××£ על פי ×©×œ× ×¤×™×¨×©×• ×‘×¢× ×™×Ÿ ×–×”, כבר ×©×ž×¢× ×• בפרשת (לעיל ×› ×›) מזבח ×דמה תעשה לי (לעיל ×› כב) ×•×œ× ×ª×¢×œ×” במעלות, ×œ× ×ª×¢×©×” לי מעלות בכבש שלו ××œ× ×›×‘×© חלק ×œ×ž×“× ×• שהיה לו כבש, כך ×©× ×™× ×• במכילת×. ומזבח ×דמה ×”×•× ×ž×–×‘×— ×”× ×—×©×ª שהיו ממל×ין חללו ×דמה ×‘×ž×§×•× ×—× ×™×™×ª×Ÿ. והכבש ×”×™×” ×‘×“×¨×•× ×”×ž×–×‘×— מובדל מן המזבח ×ž×œ× ×—×•×˜ השערה, ורגליו מגיעין עד ×מה סמוך לקלעי החצר שבדרו×, כדברי ×”×ומר עשר ×מות קומתו. ולדברי ×”×ומר ×“×‘×¨×™× ×›×›×ª×‘×Ÿ שלש ×מות קומתו ×œ× ×”×™×” ×ורך הכבש ××œ× ×¢×©×¨ ×מות, כך מצ×תי ×‘×ž×©× ×ª מ"ט מדות, וזה שהיה מובדל מן המזבח ×ž×œ× ×”×—×•×˜, במסכת ×–×‘×—×™× (סב ב) למדוה מן המקר×: | |
6And you shall make poles for the altar, poles of acacia wood, and you shall overlay them with copper. | ווְעָשִׂ֤יתָ בַדִּי×Ö™ לַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ בַּדֵּ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִ××˜Ö´Ö¼Ö‘×™× ×•Ö°×¦Ö´×¤Ö´Ö¼×™×ªÖ¸Ö¥ ×Ö¹×ªÖ¸Ö–× × Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: | |
7And its poles shall be inserted into the rings, and the poles shall be on both sides of the altar when it is carried. | ×–×•Ö°×”×•Ö¼×‘Ö¸Ö¥× ×ֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו בַּטַּבָּעֹ֑ת וְהָי֣וּ ×”Ö·×‘Ö·Ö¼×“Ö´Ö¼Ö—×™× ×¢Ö·×œÖ¾×©Ö°×תֵּ֛י צַלְעֹ֥ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ בִּשְׂ×ֵ֥ת ×ֹתֽוֹ: | |
into the rings: Into the four rings that were made for the grating. | בטבעות: ב×רבע טבעות ×©× ×¢×©×• למכבר: | |
8You shall make it hollow, out of boards; as He showed you on the mountain, so shall they do. | ×—× Ö°×‘Ö¥×•Ö¼×‘ לֻחֹ֖ת תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה ×ֹת֑וֹ ×›Ö·Ö¼Ö½×ֲשֶ×֨ר הֶרְ×Ö¸Ö¥×” ×ֹֽתְךָ֛ בָּהָ֖ר כֵּ֥ן יַֽעֲשֽׂוּ: | |
hollow, out of boards: Heb. × Ö°×‘×•Ö¼×‘ לֻחֹת as the Targum [Onkelos and Jonathan] renders: חִלִיל לוּחִין. [There should be] boards of acacia wood from all sides with a space in the middle. But all of it shall not be [made of] one piece of wood [that would measure] five cubits by five cubits, like a sort of anvil [i.e., like one solid block]. | × ×‘×•×‘ לחת: כתרגומו חליל לוחין. לוחות עצי ×©×˜×™× ×ž×›×œ צד והחלל ב×מצע, ×•×œ× ×™×”× ×›×•×œ×• ×¢×¥ ×חד ×©×™×”× ×¢×‘×™×• חמש ×מות על חמש ×מות כמין סדן: |
Seventh Portion
Exodus Chapter 27
9And you shall make the courtyard of the Mishkan on the southern side [there shall be] hangings for the courtyard of twisted fine linen, one hundred cubits long on one side. | טוְעָשִׂ֕יתָ ×ֵ֖ת חֲצַ֣ר הַמִּשְ×כָּ֑ן לִפְ×ַ֣ת × Ö¶Ö½×’Ö¶×‘Ö¾×ªÖµÖ¼Ö ×™×žÖ¸Ö × Ö¸×” ×§Ö°×œÖ¸×¢Ö´Ö¨×™× ×œÖ¶Ö½×—Ö¸×¦ÖµÖœ×¨ שֵ×Ö£×©× ×žÖ¸×©Ö°×זָ֗ר מֵ×ָ֤ה בָֽ×ַמָּה֙ ×ֹ֔רֶךְ לַפֵּ×Ö¸Ö–×” ×”Ö¸Ö½×ֶחָֽת: | |
hangings: Heb. קְלָעִי×. Made like the sails of a ship, with many holes, braided, and not the work of a weaver. Its Aramaic translation is סְרָדִין [a sieve], like the Aramaic translation of מִכְבָּר, which is סְרָדָ×, because they were [both] perforated like a sieve. | קלעי×: עשויין כמין קלעי ×¡×¤×™× ×” × ×§×‘×™× × ×§×‘×™× ×ž×¢×©×” קליעה ×•×œ× ×ž×¢×©×” ×ורג ותרגומו סרדין כתרגומו של מכבר ×”×ž×ª×•×¨×’× ×¡×¨×“× ×œ×¤×™ שהן ×ž× ×•×§×‘×™×Ÿ ככברה: | |
on one side: Heb. לַפֵּ×ָה ×”Ö¸×ֶחָת. The entire side is called פֵּ×ָה. — [from targumim] [Although פֵּ×ָה usually means a corner, in this case it refers to the entire side.] | לפ××” ×”×חת: כל הרוח קרוי פ××”: | |
10And its pillars [shall be] twenty and their sockets twenty of copper; the hooks of the pillars and their bands [shall be of] silver. | יוְעַמֻּדָ֣יו ×¢Ö¶×©Ö°×‚×¨Ö´Ö”×™× ×•Ö°×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö¥× ×¢Ö¶×©Ö°×‚×¨Ö´Ö–×™× × Ö°×—Ö‘×©Ö¶×ת וָוֵ֧י ×”Ö¸Ö½×¢Ö·×žÖ»Ö¼×“Ö´Ö›×™× ×•Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×©Ö»Ö½××§Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×›Ö¸Ö¼Ö½×¡Ö¶×£: | |
And its pillars [shall be] twenty: Five cubits between [one] pillar and [another] pillar. | ועמדיו עשרי×: חמש ×מות בין עמוד לעמוד: | |
and their sockets: [I.e., the sockets] of the pillars were copper. The sockets rested on the ground and the pillars were inserted into them. He [Bezalel] made a sort of rod, called pals in Old French. [It was] six handbreadths long and three [handbreadths] wide, with a copper ring affixed to it [each rod] in the middle. He would wrap the edge of the hanging around it [the rod] with cords [placed] opposite every pillar. He would hang [each] rod by its ring from the hook that was on [each] pillar. [The hook was] made resembling a sort of “vav” (ו) its end upright and one end inserted into the pillar, like those [hooks] made to hold up doors, which are called gons, hinges in Old French. The width of the hanging hung below [the hooks], and this was the height of the partitions of the courtyard. — [from Baraitha Melecheth HaMishkan, ch. 5] | ו×-×“× ×™×”×: של ×”×¢×ž×•×“×™× × ×—×©×ª, ×”×-×“× ×™× ×™×•×©×‘×™× ×¢×œ ×”×רץ ×•×”×¢×ž×•×“×™× ×ª×§×•×¢×™× ×œ×ª×•×›×Ÿ ×”×™×” עושה כמין ×§×•× ×“×¡×™×Ÿ שקורין פל"ש בלעז [יתידות] ×רכן ששה ×˜×¤×—×™× ×•×¨×—×‘×Ÿ שלשה וטבעת × ×—×©×ª קבועה בו ב×מצעו, וכורך שפת הקלע סביביו ×‘×ž×™×ª×¨×™× ×›× ×’×“ כל עמוד ועמוד, ותולה ×”×§×•× ×“×¡ דרך טבעתו ב××•× ×§×œ×™×•×ª שבעמוד העשוי כמין וי"ו, ר×שו זקוף למעלה ור×שו ×חד תקוע בעמוד, ×›×ותן שעושין להציב דלתות שקורין ×’×•× ×–×™"ש בלעז [צירי×] ורחב הקלע תלוי מלמטה, ×•×”×™× ×§×•×ž×ª מחיצות החצר: | |
the hooks of the pillars: Heb. וָוֵי הָעַמֻּדִי×. They are the hooks. | ווי העמודי×: ×”× ×”××•× ×§×œ×™×•×ª: | |
and their bands: Heb. וַחִשֻ×קֵיהֶ×. The pillars were encircled all around with silver threads. I do not know whether [they were encircled] on their entire surface, [or only] at their top or in their middle, but I do know that חִש×וּק is an expression of girding [or belting], for so we find in [the episode of] the concubine in Gibeah: “And with him was a team of saddled (חֲבוּשִ××™×) donkeys” (Jud. 19:10), which is translated into Aramaic [by Jonathan] as חִשִ×יקִין. | וחשקיה×: מוקפין היו ×”×¢×ž×•×“×™× ×‘×—×•×˜×™ כסף סביב. ו××™× ×™ יודע ×× ×¢×œ ×¤× ×™ כולן, ×× ×‘×¨×ש×, ×× ×‘×מצע×. ×ך יודע ×× ×™ שחשוק לשון חגורה, שכן ×ž×¦×™× ×• בפילגש בגבעה (×©×•×¤×˜×™× ×™×˜ ×™×–) ועמו צמד ×—×ž×•×¨×™× ×—×‘×•×©×™×, תרגומו חשוקי×: | |
11And so for the northern end in the length hangings one hundred [cubits] long, its pillars twenty, and their sockets twenty of copper; the hooks of the pillars and their bands of silver. | ×™×וְכֵ֨ן לִפְ×ַ֤ת צָפוֹן֙ בָּ×ֹ֔רֶךְ ×§Ö°×œÖ¸×¢Ö´Ö–×™× ×žÖµÖ£×ָה ×ֹ֑רֶךְ וְעַמּוּדָ֣יו (כתיב ועמדו) ×¢Ö¶×©Ö°×‚×¨Ö´Ö—×™× ×•Ö°×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö¤× ×¢Ö¶×©Ö°×‚×¨Ö´×™×Ö™ × Ö°×—Ö”×©Ö¶×ת וָוֵ֧י ×”Ö¸Ö½×¢Ö·×žÖ»Ö¼×“Ö´Ö›×™× ×•Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×©Ö»Ö½××§Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×›Ö¸Ö¼Ö½×¡Ö¶×£: | |
12The width of the courtyard on the western side, hangings fifty cubits, their pillars ten and their sockets ten. | יבוְרֹ֤חַב הֶֽחָצֵר֙ לִפְ×Ö·×ªÖ¾×™Ö¸Ö”× ×§Ö°×œÖ¸×¢Ö´Ö–×™× ×—Ö²×žÖ´×©Ö´Ö¼×Ö£×™× ×ַמָּ֑ה ×¢Ö·×žÖ»Ö¼Ö½×“Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö£× ×¢Ö²×©Ö¸×‚×¨Ö¸Ö”×” וְ×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×¢Ö²×©Ö¸×‚×¨Ö¸Ö½×”: | |
13The width of the courtyard on the eastern side, fifty cubits. | יגוְרֹ֣חַב הֶֽחָצֵ֗ר לִפְ×ַ֛ת קֵ֥דְמָה מִזְרָ֖חָה חֲמִשִּ×Ö¥×™× ×ַמָּֽה: | |
on the eastern side: Heb. לִפְ×ַתקֵדְמָה מִזְרָחָה. The eastern side is called קֶדֶ×, a word meaning the face [or front], and ×ָחוֹר signifies the back. Therefore, the east is called קֶדֶ×, which is the face, and the west is called ×ָחוֹר, as it is said: “the back (×”Ö¸×ַחִרוֹן) sea” (Deut. 11:24, 34:2), [which is translated into Aramaic as] ×™Ö·×žÖ¸Ö¼× ×žÖ·×¢Ö·×¨Ö°×‘Ö¸×, the western sea. | לפ×ת קדמה מזרחה: ×¤× ×™ המזרח קרוי קד×, לשון ×¤× ×™×. ×חור לשון ×חורי×, לפיכך המזרח קרוי ×§×“× ×©×”×•× ×¤× ×™×, ומערב קרוי ×חור, כמו ×“×ª×¨×’× ××•× ×§×œ×•×¡ (×“×‘×¨×™× ×™× ×›×“) ×”×™× ×”×חרון ×™×ž× ×ž×¢×¨×‘×: | |
fifty cubits: These fifty cubits were not all closed off with hangings, because the entrance was there, but [there were] fifteen cubits of hangings for [one] shoulder of the entrance from here [from one side] and similarly for the second shoulder. There remained the width of the space of the entrance in between, [which was] twenty cubits. This is what is said [in verse 16]: “And at the gate of the courtyard shall be a screen of twenty cubits,” [i. e.,] a screen for protection opposite the entrance, twenty cubits long, which equaled the width of the entrance. | ×—×ž×©×™× ×מה: ×ותן ×—×ž×©×™× ×מה ×œ× ×”×™×• ×¡×ª×•×ž×™× ×›×•×œ× ×‘×§×œ×¢×™×, לפי ×©×©× ×”×¤×ª×—, ××œ× ×—×ž×© עשרה ×מה ×§×œ×¢×™× ×œ×›×ª×£ הפתח מכ×ן, וכן לכתף ×”×©× ×™×ª, × ×©×ר רחב חלל הפתח ×‘×™× ×ª×™× ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה וזהו ×©× ×מר (פסוק טז) ולשער החצר מסך ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה, וילון למסך ×›× ×’×“ הפתח ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה ×רך כרחב הפתח: | |
14The hangings on the shoulder [shall be] fifteen cubits, their pillars three and their sockets three. | ×™×“×•Ö·Ö½×—Ö²×žÖµÖ¨×©× ×¢Ö¶×©Ö°×‚×¨ÖµÖ¥×” ×ַמָּ֛ה ×§Ö°×œÖ¸×¢Ö´Ö–×™× ×œÖ·×›Ö¸Ö¼×ªÖµÖ‘×£ ×¢Ö·×žÖ»Ö¼Ö½×“Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö£× ×©Ö°×לשָ×Ö”×” וְ×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×©Ö°×לשָֽ××”: | |
their pillars three: Five cubits between [one] pillar and [another] pillar. Between the pillar that is at the beginning of the south, which stands at the southeastern corner, until the pillar that is [one] of the three in the east, there were five cubits. And from it [this pillar] to the second one [there was a space of] five cubits, and from the second to the third [were] five cubits, and likewise for the second [i.e., the northeastern] shoulder, and four pillars for the screen. Thus, there were ten pillars on the east, corresponding to the ten pillars on the west. | ×¢×ž×“×™×”× ×©×œ×©×”: חמש ×מות בין עמוד לעמוד, בין עמוד שבר×ש ×”×“×¨×•× ×”×¢×•×ž×“ במקצוע דרומית מזרחית עד עמוד ×©×”×•× ×ž×Ÿ השלשה שבמזרח חמש ×מות ×•×ž×ž× ×• ×œ×©× ×™ חמש ×מות, ומן ×”×©× ×™ לשלישי חמש ×מות, וכן לכתף ×”×©× ×™×ª, ו×רבעה ×¢×ž×•×“×™× ×œ×ž×¡×š, הרי עשרה ×¢×ž×•×“×™× ×œ×ž×–×¨×— ×›× ×’×“ עשרה למערב: | |
15And on the second shoulder [there shall be] fifteen hangings, their pillars three and their sockets three. | טווְלַכָּתֵף֙ הַשֵּ×× Ö´Ö”×™×ª ×—Ö²×žÖµÖ¥×©× ×¢Ö¶×©Ö°×‚×¨ÖµÖ–×” ×§Ö°×œÖ¸×¢Ö´Ö‘×™× ×¢Ö·×žÖ»Ö¼Ö½×“Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö£× ×©Ö°×לשָ×Ö”×” וְ×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×©Ö°×לשָֽ××”: | |
16And at the gate of the courtyard shall be a screen of twenty cubits, [made] of blue, purple, and crimson wool, and twisted fine linen, the work of an embroiderer; their pillars four and their sockets four. | טזוּלְשַ×֨עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֜ר מָסָ֣ךְ | ×¢Ö¶×©Ö°×‚×¨Ö´Ö£×™× ×ַמָּ֗ה תְּכֵ֨לֶת וְ×ַרְגָּמָ֜ן וְתוֹלַ֧עַת שָ×× Ö´Ö›×™ וְשֵ×Ö¥×©× ×žÖ¸×©Ö°×זָ֖ר מַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה ×¨Ö¹×§ÖµÖ‘× ×¢Ö·×žÖ»Ö¼Ö½×“Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö£× ×ַרְבָּעָ֔ה וְ×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×ַרְבָּעָֽה: | |
17All the pillars around the courtyard [shall have] silver bands, silver hooks, and copper sockets. | יזכָּל־עַמּוּדֵ֨י הֶֽחָצֵ֤ר סָבִיב֙ מְחֻשָּ××§Ö´Ö£×™× ×›Ö¶Ö¼Ö”×¡Ö¶×£ ×•Ö¸Ö½×•Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×›Ö¸Ö¼Ö‘×¡Ö¶×£ וְ×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× × Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: | |
All the pillars around the courtyard, etc.: Since [the text] explained only [that there were to be] hooks, bands, and copper sockets for the north[ern] and the south[ern sides], but for the east[ern] and the west[ern sides] no hooks, bands, or copper sockets were mentioned, therefore [the text] teaches it here. [Lit., it comes and teaches here.] | כל עמודי החצר סביב וגו': לפי ×©×œ× ×¤×™×¨×© ווין ×•×—×©×•×§×™× ×•×-×“× ×™ × ×—×©×ª ××œ× ×œ×¦×¤×•×Ÿ ולדרו×, ×בל למזרח ולמערב ×œ× × ×מר ווין ×•×—×©×•×§×™× ×•×-×“× ×™ × ×—×©×ª, לכך ×‘× ×•×œ×ž×“ ×›×ן: | |
18The length of the courtyard [shall be] one hundred cubits and the width fifty by fifty [cubits]. The height [of the hangings] shall be five cubits of twisted fine linen, and their sockets [shall be of] copper. | ×™×—×ֹ֣רֶךְ הֶֽחָצֵר֩ מֵ×ָ֨ה בָֽ×ַמָּ֜ה וְרֹ֣חַב | חֲמִשִּ×Ö£×™× ×‘Ö·Ö¼Ö½×—Ö²×žÖ´×©Ö´Ö¼×Ö—×™× ×•Ö°×§Ö¹×žÖ¸Ö›×” ×—Ö¸×žÖµÖ¥×©× ×ַמּ֖וֹת שֵ×Ö£×©× ×žÖ¸×©Ö°×זָ֑ר וְ×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× × Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: | |
The length of the courtyard: the north[ern] and the south[ern sides] from east to west were one hundred cubits. | ×רך החצר: הצפון ×•×”×“×¨×•× ×©×ž×Ÿ המזרח למערב מ××” ב×מה: | |
and the width fifty by fifty: The courtyard in the east was fifty [cubits] by fifty [cubits] square-for the Mishkan was thirty [cubits] long and ten [cubits] wide. He [Moses] placed its entrance on the east, at the edge of the outer fifty [cubits] of the length of the courtyard. Thus, it [the Mishkan] was all in the inner fifty [cubits of the courtyard], and its length ended at the end of thirty [cubits of the inner fifty]. Hence, there was a space of twenty cubits behind it, between the hangings in the west and the curtains of the rear of the Mishkan. The Mishkan was ten cubits wide in the center of the width of the courtyard. Thus, it had twenty cubits of space to the north and to the south- from the hangings of the courtyard to the curtains of the Mishkan-and similarly to the west. And [there was] a courtyard of fifty by fifty [cubits] in front of it [These are the outer fifty cubits, which faced the entrance of the Mishkan.] -[from Eruv. 23b, Baraitha Melecheth HaMishkan, ch. 5] | ורחב ×—×ž×©×™× ×‘×—×ž×©×™×: חצר שבמזרח היתה מרובעת ×—×ž×©×™× ×¢×œ חמשי×, שהמשכן ×רכו ×©×œ×©×™× ×•×¨×—×‘×• עשר, העמיד מזרח פתחו בשפת ×—×ž×©×™× ×”×—×™×¦×•× ×™× ×©×œ ×ורך החצר × ×ž×¦× ×›×œ×• ×‘×—×ž×©×™× ×”×¤× ×™×ž×™×, וכלה ×רכו לסוף ×©×œ×©×™× × ×ž×¦×ו ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה ריוח ל×חוריו בין ×”×§×œ×¢×™× ×©×‘×ž×¢×¨×‘ ליריעות של ×חורי המשכן, ורוחב המשכן עשר ×מות ב×מצע רוחב החצר, × ×ž×¦×ו לו ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה ריוח לצפון ×•×œ×“×¨×•× ×ž×Ÿ קלעי החצר ליריעות המשכן, וכן למערב, ×•×—×ž×©×™× ×¢×œ ×—×ž×©×™× ×—×¦×¨ ×œ×¤× ×™×•: | |
The height…five cubits: [I.e.,] the height of the partitions of the courtyard, which was the width of the hangings. | וקמה חמש ×מות: גובה מחיצות החצר, ×•×”×•× ×¨×•×—×‘ הקלעי×: | |
and their sockets [shall be of] copper: [This is mentioned] to include the sockets of the screen, so that you would not say [that] copper sockets were mentioned only in regard to the pillars of the hangings, but the sockets of the [pillars of the] screen were of another kind [i.e., a different material]. So it appears to me that for this [reason], they [the copper sockets] were repeated. | ו×-×“× ×™×”× × ×—×©×ª: ×œ×”×‘×™× ×-×“× ×™ המסך, ×©×œ× ×ª×מר ×œ× × ×מרו ×-×“× ×™ × ×—×©×ª ××œ× ×œ×¢×ž×•×“×™ הקלעי×, ×בל ×-×“× ×™ המסך של מין ×חר היו. כך × ×¨××” ×‘×¢×™× ×™, שלכך חזר ×•×©× ×ן: | |
19All the implements of the Mishkan for all its labor, and all its pegs and all the pegs of the courtyard [shall be] copper. | יטלְכֹל֙ כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּשְ×כָּ֔ן בְּכֹ֖ל עֲבֹֽדָת֑וֹ וְכָל־יְתֵֽדֹתָ֛יו וְכָל־יִתְדֹ֥ת הֶֽחָצֵ֖ר × Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: | |
All the implements of the Mishkan: that were required for its assembling and its disassembling, e.g., sledge hammers to drive in the pegs and the pillars. | לכל כלי המשכן: שהיו צריכין להקמתו ולהורדתו, כגון מקבות לתקוע יתדות ועמודי×: | |
the pegs: [These were] like copper bars, made for the curtains of the tent and for the hangings of the courtyard, tied with cords all around [them] at their bases [i.e., at the bases of the curtains and the hangings], so that the wind would not lift them up. But I do not know whether they [the pegs] were driven into the ground or whether they were tied [with cords] and hung-their [heavy] weight weighted down the bottoms of the curtains so that they would not move in the wind. I say, however, that their name [i.e., pegs] indicates that they were driven into the ground. Therefore, they were called יְתֵדוֹת, and this verse supports me [my assertion]: “a tent that shall not fall, whose pegs (יְתֵדֹתָיו) shall never be moved” (Isa. 33:20). | יתדות: כמין × ×’×¨×™ × ×—×©×ª עשויין ליריעות ×”×הל ולקלעי החצר, ×§×©×•×¨×™× ×‘×ž×™×ª×¨×™× ×¡×‘×™×‘ סביב בשפוליהן, כדי ×©×œ× ×ª×”× ×”×¨×•×— מגביהתן. ו××™× ×™ ידוע, ×× ×ª×—×•×‘×™×Ÿ ב×רץ ×ו קשורין ותלויין וכובדן מכביד שפולי היריעות, ×©×œ× ×™× ×•×¢×• ברוח. ו×ומר ×× ×™ ששמן מוכיח ×¢×œ×™×”× ×©×”× ×ª×§×•×¢×™×Ÿ ב×רץ, לכך × ×§×¨×ו יתדות, ×•×ž×§×¨× ×–×” ×ž×¡×™×™×¢× ×™ (ישעיה לג ×›) ×הל בל יצען בל יסע יתדותיו ×œ× ×¦×—: |
Maftir Portion
Exodus Chapter 27
17All the pillars around the courtyard [shall have] silver bands, silver hooks, and copper sockets. | יזכָּל־עַמּוּדֵ֨י הֶֽחָצֵ֤ר סָבִיב֙ מְחֻשָּ××§Ö´Ö£×™× ×›Ö¶Ö¼Ö”×¡Ö¶×£ ×•Ö¸Ö½×•Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× ×›Ö¸Ö¼Ö‘×¡Ö¶×£ וְ×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× × Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: | |
All the pillars around the courtyard, etc.: Since [the text] explained only [that there were to be] hooks, bands, and copper sockets for the north[ern] and the south[ern sides], but for the east[ern] and the west[ern sides] no hooks, bands, or copper sockets were mentioned, therefore [the text] teaches it here. [Lit., it comes and teaches here.] | כל עמודי החצר סביב וגו': לפי ×©×œ× ×¤×™×¨×© ווין ×•×—×©×•×§×™× ×•×-×“× ×™ × ×—×©×ª ××œ× ×œ×¦×¤×•×Ÿ ולדרו×, ×בל למזרח ולמערב ×œ× × ×מר ווין ×•×—×©×•×§×™× ×•×-×“× ×™ × ×—×©×ª, לכך ×‘× ×•×œ×ž×“ ×›×ן: | |
18The length of the courtyard [shall be] one hundred cubits and the width fifty by fifty [cubits]. The height [of the hangings] shall be five cubits of twisted fine linen, and their sockets [shall be of] copper. | ×™×—×ֹ֣רֶךְ הֶֽחָצֵר֩ מֵ×ָ֨ה בָֽ×ַמָּ֜ה וְרֹ֣חַב | חֲמִשִּ×Ö£×™× ×‘Ö·Ö¼Ö½×—Ö²×žÖ´×©Ö´Ö¼×Ö—×™× ×•Ö°×§Ö¹×žÖ¸Ö›×” ×—Ö¸×žÖµÖ¥×©× ×ַמּ֖וֹת שֵ×Ö£×©× ×žÖ¸×©Ö°×זָ֑ר וְ×Ö·×“Ö°× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö–× × Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: | |
The length of the courtyard: the north[ern] and the south[ern sides] from east to west were one hundred cubits. | ×רך החצר: הצפון ×•×”×“×¨×•× ×©×ž×Ÿ המזרח למערב מ××” ב×מה: | |
and the width fifty by fifty: The courtyard in the east was fifty [cubits] by fifty [cubits] square-for the Mishkan was thirty [cubits] long and ten [cubits] wide. He [Moses] placed its entrance on the east, at the edge of the outer fifty [cubits] of the length of the courtyard. Thus, it [the Mishkan] was all in the inner fifty [cubits of the courtyard], and its length ended at the end of thirty [cubits of the inner fifty]. Hence, there was a space of twenty cubits behind it, between the hangings in the west and the curtains of the rear of the Mishkan. The Mishkan was ten cubits wide in the center of the width of the courtyard. Thus, it had twenty cubits of space to the north and to the south- from the hangings of the courtyard to the curtains of the Mishkan-and similarly to the west. And [there was] a courtyard of fifty by fifty [cubits] in front of it [These are the outer fifty cubits, which faced the entrance of the Mishkan.] -[from Eruv. 23b, Baraitha Melecheth HaMishkan, ch. 5] | ורחב ×—×ž×©×™× ×‘×—×ž×©×™×: חצר שבמזרח היתה מרובעת ×—×ž×©×™× ×¢×œ חמשי×, שהמשכן ×רכו ×©×œ×©×™× ×•×¨×—×‘×• עשר, העמיד מזרח פתחו בשפת ×—×ž×©×™× ×”×—×™×¦×•× ×™× ×©×œ ×ורך החצר × ×ž×¦× ×›×œ×• ×‘×—×ž×©×™× ×”×¤× ×™×ž×™×, וכלה ×רכו לסוף ×©×œ×©×™× × ×ž×¦×ו ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה ריוח ל×חוריו בין ×”×§×œ×¢×™× ×©×‘×ž×¢×¨×‘ ליריעות של ×חורי המשכן, ורוחב המשכן עשר ×מות ב×מצע רוחב החצר, × ×ž×¦×ו לו ×¢×©×¨×™× ×מה ריוח לצפון ×•×œ×“×¨×•× ×ž×Ÿ קלעי החצר ליריעות המשכן, וכן למערב, ×•×—×ž×©×™× ×¢×œ ×—×ž×©×™× ×—×¦×¨ ×œ×¤× ×™×•: | |
The height…five cubits: [I.e.,] the height of the partitions of the courtyard, which was the width of the hangings. | וקמה חמש ×מות: גובה מחיצות החצר, ×•×”×•× ×¨×•×—×‘ הקלעי×: | |
and their sockets [shall be of] copper: [This is mentioned] to include the sockets of the screen, so that you would not say [that] copper sockets were mentioned only in regard to the pillars of the hangings, but the sockets of the [pillars of the] screen were of another kind [i.e., a different material]. So it appears to me that for this [reason], they [the copper sockets] were repeated. | ו×-×“× ×™×”× × ×—×©×ª: ×œ×”×‘×™× ×-×“× ×™ המסך, ×©×œ× ×ª×מר ×œ× × ×מרו ×-×“× ×™ × ×—×©×ª ××œ× ×œ×¢×ž×•×“×™ הקלעי×, ×בל ×-×“× ×™ המסך של מין ×חר היו. כך × ×¨××” ×‘×¢×™× ×™, שלכך חזר ×•×©× ×ן: | |
19All the implements of the Mishkan for all its labor, and all its pegs and all the pegs of the courtyard [shall be] copper. | יטלְכֹל֙ כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּשְ×כָּ֔ן בְּכֹ֖ל עֲבֹֽדָת֑וֹ וְכָל־יְתֵֽדֹתָ֛יו וְכָל־יִתְדֹ֥ת הֶֽחָצֵ֖ר × Ö°×—Ö½×©Ö¶×ת: | |
All the implements of the Mishkan: that were required for its assembling and its disassembling, e.g., sledge hammers to drive in the pegs and the pillars. | לכל כלי המשכן: שהיו צריכין להקמתו ולהורדתו, כגון מקבות לתקוע יתדות ועמודי×: | |
the pegs: [These were] like copper bars, made for the curtains of the tent and for the hangings of the courtyard, tied with cords all around [them] at their bases [i.e., at the bases of the curtains and the hangings], so that the wind would not lift them up. But I do not know whether they [the pegs] were driven into the ground or whether they were tied [with cords] and hung-their [heavy] weight weighted down the bottoms of the curtains so that they would not move in the wind. I say, however, that their name [i.e., pegs] indicates that they were driven into the ground. Therefore, they were called יְתֵדוֹת, and this verse supports me [my assertion]: “a tent that shall not fall, whose pegs (יְתֵדֹתָיו) shall never be moved” (Isa. 33:20). | יתדות: כמין × ×’×¨×™ × ×—×©×ª עשויין ליריעות ×”×הל ולקלעי החצר, ×§×©×•×¨×™× ×‘×ž×™×ª×¨×™× ×¡×‘×™×‘ סביב בשפוליהן, כדי ×©×œ× ×ª×”× ×”×¨×•×— מגביהתן. ו××™× ×™ ידוע, ×× ×ª×—×•×‘×™×Ÿ ב×רץ ×ו קשורין ותלויין וכובדן מכביד שפולי היריעות, ×©×œ× ×™× ×•×¢×• ברוח. ו×ומר ×× ×™ ששמן מוכיח ×¢×œ×™×”× ×©×”× ×ª×§×•×¢×™×Ÿ ב×רץ, לכך × ×§×¨×ו יתדות, ×•×ž×§×¨× ×–×” ×ž×¡×™×™×¢× ×™ (ישעיה לג ×›) ×הל בל יצען בל יסע יתדותיו ×œ× ×¦×—: |
Haftarah
I Kings Chapter 5
26And the Lord gave Solomon wisdom, as He had promised him, and there was peace between Hiram and Solomon, and they both made a league together. | כווַיהֹוָ֗ה × Ö¸×ªÖ·Öš×Ÿ חָכְמָה֙ לִשְ×לֹמֹ֔ה ×›Ö·Ö¼×ֲשֶ×֖ר דִּבֶּר־ל֑וֹ וַיְהִ֣י שָ××œÖ¹Ö—× ×‘ÖµÖ¼Öš×™×Ÿ חִירָ×Ö™ וּבֵ֣ין שְ×לֹמֹ֔ה וַיִּכְרְת֥וּ בְרִ֖ית שְ×× Öµ×™×”Ö¶Ö½×: | |
27And King Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel, and the levy was thirty thousand men. | כזוַיַּ֨עַל הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ שְ×לֹמֹ֛ה מַ֖ס מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָ×ֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י הַמַּ֔ס שְ×לשִ×Ö¥×™× ×ֶ֖לֶף ×ִֽיש×: | |
And the levy was thirty thousand men: which amounted to the wages of thirty thousand men. | ||
28And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month alternately, a month they were in Lebanon, (and) two months at home, and Adoniram (was) over the levy. | כחוַיִּשְ××œÖ¸×—ÖµÖ£× ×œÖ°×‘Ö¸× Ö—×•Ö¹× Ö¸×” עֲשֶֹ֨רֶת ×Ö²×œÖ¸×¤Ö´Öš×™× ×‘Ö·Ö¼×—Ö¹Ö™×“Ö¶×©×Ö™ חֲלִיפ֔וֹת ×—Ö¹×“Ö¶×©× ×™Ö´×”Ö°×™Ö£×•Ö¼ ×‘Ö·×œÖ°Ö¼×‘Ö¸× Ö”×•Ö¹×Ÿ שְ×× Ö·Ö¥×™Ö´× ×—Ö³×“Ö¸×©Ö´×Ö–×™× ×‘Ö°Ö¼×‘Öµ×™×ªÖ‘×•Ö¹ וַ×Ö²×“Ö¹× Ö´×™×¨Ö¸Ö–× ×¢Ö·×œÖ¾×”Ö·×žÖ¸Ö¼Ö½×¡: | |
Ten thousand a month alternately: When the thousand men were in Lebanon in Tishrei and the twenty thousand men were at home, in Marcheshvan the second ten thousand would alternate and go out to Lebanon and these would return to their homes. And in the month of Kislev the third group of ten thousand go out, and they would go out to Lebanon, and these second ones would return to their homes. And in the month of Teveth the first ones go out and return to Lebanon, and thus they return again and again. So it is found that each group of ten thousand amongst them would be one month in Lebanon and two months at home. | ||
And Adoniram was over the levy: to collect the levy. | ||
29And Solomon had seventy thousand who bore burdens, and eighty thousand hewers in the mountains. | כטוַיְהִ֧י לִשְ×לֹמֹ֛ה שִ××‘Ö°×¢Ö´Ö¥×™× ×ֶ֖לֶף × Ö¹×©ÖµÖ¹Ö£× ×¡Ö·×‘Ö¸Ö¼Ö‘×œ וּשְ××žÖ¹× Ö´Ö¥×™× ×ֶ֖לֶף חֹצֵ֥ב בָּהָֽר: | |
Seventy thousand that bore burdens: to bring the stones from the mountains to the city, and the eighty thousand men were the ones who hewed them in the mountains. There is altogether one hundred fifty thousand men. And they were all proselytes who were drawn and attracted to the Jewish people, that converted because of Solomon’s greatness and hospitality. And it is likewise written in Chronicles II (2: 16) “And Solomon numbered all the strangers that were in the land of Israel… and they were found a hundred and fifty thousand. And he set seventy thousand…” | ||
30Besides Solomon's chief officers that were over the work, three thousand and three hundred, who bore rule over the people that wrought in the work. | ×œ×œÖ°Ö ×‘Ö·×“ מִשָּׂרֵ֨י ×”Ö·× Ö´Ö¼×¦Ö¸Ö¼×‘Ö´Öš×™× ×œÖ´×©Ö°×לֹמֹה֙ ×ֲשֶ×֣ר עַל־הַמְּלָ××›Ö¸Ö”×” שְ×ל֥שֶ×ת ×Ö²×œÖ¸×¤Ö´Ö–×™× ×•Ö¼×©Ö°××œÖ£×©× ×žÖµ×֑וֹת ×”Ö¸×¨Ö¹×“Ö´Ö£×™× ×‘Ö¸Ö¼×¢Ö¸Ö”× ×”Ö¸×¢Ö¹×©Ö´Ö¹Ö–×™× ×‘Ö·Ö¼×žÖ°Ö¼×œÖ¸××›Ö¸Ö½×”: | |
The chief officers: These were the oppressors and overseers over those who did the work. | ||
Three thousand and three hundred: And in Chronicles II (2:1) it says three thousand and six hundred. It is, therefore, my opinion that the three thousand three hundred men were in charge of one hundred fifty thousand men, so that each one was in charge of forty five and some odd men, and the three hundred men who were added in Chronicles were in charge of all of them, so that each of these three hundred men was in charge of five hundred and some odd men. And you shall know the evidence in support of my opinion that there are two other passages on this subject, and they contradict one another. For it says on this topic in this book of Kings I (9:23) “These were the chief officers that were over Solomon’s work, five hundred and fifty,” and in the book of Chronicles II (8:10) it says “two hundred and fifty.” There are, therefore, altogether, four verses contradicting one another. But we may explain it thus. Those that are mentioned in the latter verses in I Kings 9:23 and in Chronicles II (8:10), were in charge of all of them. And it is a fact that Solomon had employed these proselytes to be bearers of burdens and to hew stones in the mountains. And, in addition, he had the remaining workers for the store cities which he also built, who were native born Jews. Because these passages are stated there in Chronicles II which discusses the store-cities. And to sum it up then, in the book of Kings he counted the proselyte officers in two separate totals. First, he counted the three thousand three hundred men, the officers who were in charge of forty-five men each, separately. And in (9:23) he combined the three hundred superior officers, who were in charge of these three thousand three hundred men, with the two hundred and fifty men who were in charge of the builders of the store-cities, and totaled together five hundred and fifty officers. And, on the other hand, in Chronicles II he counted all the proselyte officers, the major and minor ones, together, three thousand six hundred men, and they were all proselytes. And the officers in charge of the workers in the store-cities, who were Jews, totaling two hundred and fifty men, he counted separately. | ||
Who bore rule over the people that wrought in the work: Who bore rule over the people that did the work. | ||
31And the king commanded, and they quarried great stones, heavy stones, to lay the foundation of the house (with) hewn stone. | ל×וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ וַיַּסִּעוּ֩ ×Ö²×‘Ö¸× Ö´Ö¨×™× ×’Ö°Ö¼×“Ö¹×œÖœ×•Ö¹×ª ×Ö²×‘Ö¸× Ö´Ö§×™× ×™Ö°×§Ö¸×¨Ö›×•Ö¹×ª לְיַסֵּ֥ד הַבָּ֖יִת ×Ö·×‘Ö°× ÖµÖ¥×™ גָזִֽית: | |
And they quarried: the stones from the mountains. This is an expression of uprooting. | ||
Great stones, heavy stones: Heb. יקרות, heavy. | ||
Hewn stone: They were carved and chiseled [precisely to the required measurement]. And if you ask it has already been stated (6:7) “There was neither hammer nor axe nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building.” How then were the stones cut to a specific size? The explanation is, that although no tool of iron was heard in the house, while it was in building, but he would chisel the stones while still on the outside, and then bring them in and build from the inside. Thus is this explained in the Tractate Sota (48b). | ||
32And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders and the Gebalites did hew (them), and they prepared the timber and the stones to build the house. | לבוַֽיִּפְסְל֞וּ ×‘Ö¹Ö¼× ÖµÖ§×™ שְ×לֹמֹ֛ה ×•Ö¼×‘Ö¹× ÖµÖ¥×™ ×—Ö´×™×¨Ö–×•Ö¹× ×•Ö°×”Ö·×’Ö´Ö¼×‘Ö°×œÖ´Ö‘×™× ×•Ö·×™Ö¸Ö¼×›Ö´Ö›×™× ×•Ö¼ ×”Ö¸×¢Öµ×¦Ö´Ö¥×™× ×•Ö°×”Ö¸×Ö²×‘Ö¸× Ö´Ö–×™× ×œÖ´×‘Ö°× Ö¥×•Ö¹×ª הַבָּֽיִת: | |
And they did hew them: in the mountains. | ||
And the Gebalites: a nation whose name was Gebal. And they were skilled in the art of chiseling stones and building. As it is stated in reference to the wise men of Tyre (Ezek. 27:9) “The elders of Cebal and the wise men thereof, were in you your calkers.” | ||
And they prepared: An expression of designation. |